Group 1 - The article discusses the evolving perception of marriage among young people, particularly women, who view it as a systemic dilemma rather than a sanctuary [1][2] - It highlights the author's personal journey from rejecting traditional marriage to creating a "contract marriage" with their partner, emphasizing the fluidity of love and relationships [2][3] - The narrative illustrates the emotional struggles and societal pressures faced by individuals who choose non-traditional relationship structures, including family expectations and societal norms [3][19] Group 2 - The author reflects on the societal implications of marriage, particularly how it can reinforce gender roles and expectations, leading to a sense of entrapment [1][4] - The concept of "contract marriage" is introduced as a means to navigate familial pressures while attempting to retain autonomy over personal relationships [2][26] - The article also touches on the complexities of maintaining a relationship amidst external pressures, including family dynamics and societal expectations regarding marriage [19][20][23] Group 3 - The narrative reveals the emotional toll of societal expectations on individuals, particularly women, who face double standards in relationship choices [20][21] - It discusses the challenges of balancing personal desires with familial obligations, leading to conflicts and emotional distress [19][22] - The author concludes with a reflection on the potential for relationships to evolve beyond traditional labels, suggesting a future where legal marriage may not define the nature of the relationship [30][31]

Core Viewpoint - The book "Who Ruined the World?" by Japanese scholar Chizuko Ueno explores the societal structures that contribute to individual struggles and the illusion of meritocracy in various life stages, including work, marriage, education, and old age [2][6][10]. Group 1: Societal Issues - The current society does not allow individuals to comfortably be vulnerable, leading to a culture of self-reliance and personal responsibility that exacerbates feelings of isolation and despair [6][10]. - The belief that personal effort alone can change one's life trajectory is challenged, highlighting the existence of systemic inequalities and unfair treatment that many face [6][10]. - The author reflects on the structural mechanisms that disadvantage women, emphasizing that their struggles are not solely due to personal choices but are rooted in societal frameworks [8][10]. Group 2: Gender and Social Structure - The author identifies the patriarchal system as a fundamental cause of women's misfortunes, illustrating this through personal anecdotes and research on the lives of housewives [8][10]. - Despite advancements in women's rights and diverse life choices, the widening wealth gap and increasing number of low-income single women indicate that systemic issues persist [10]. - The book aims to provoke thought on critical questions regarding competition, societal expectations, and the stigmatization of childless individuals, urging readers to reconsider the necessity of these pressures [10][11]. Group 3: Hope and Change - While acknowledging the challenges, the author expresses a belief in the potential for small changes, such as the rise of feminist movements and the establishment of support systems for victims of domestic violence [10][11]. - The narrative encourages resilience and the possibility of creating a better society for future generations, despite the author's feelings of inadequacy in effecting significant change [11].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the film "There is Tomorrow," which highlights the struggles of women in a patriarchal society, particularly focusing on the character Dilia, who represents the plight of women in post-war Italy and their fight for rights and autonomy [5][11][41]. Summary by Sections Film Overview - "There is Tomorrow" is a black-and-white film that has achieved significant box office success in Italy, surpassing "Oppenheimer" and becoming one of the top ten films in Italian history [5]. - The film is directed by Paula Cortellisi and is noted for its feminist themes, exploring the exploitation of women within the family unit as a microcosm of patriarchy [5][6]. Character Analysis - Dilia is portrayed as a typical mother and wife, constantly busy with household chores and subjected to her husband's verbal and physical abuse [3][10]. - The film illustrates Dilia's struggle in the gig economy, where she juggles multiple low-paying jobs while her earnings are controlled by her husband [8][9]. Themes of Patriarchy and Violence - The narrative emphasizes the systemic nature of domestic violence, showing how Dilia's husband embodies the patriarchal values passed down through generations [20][21]. - The film creatively depicts domestic violence through a surreal lens, blending art and brutality in a way that critiques the normalization of such violence [16][18]. Generational Impact - The relationship between Dilia and her daughter Marcella reflects the cycle of abuse and the struggle for empowerment, with Dilia ultimately seeking to break this cycle for her daughter [22][24]. - The film culminates in a powerful moment where Dilia chooses to participate in the first political election allowing women to vote in Italy, symbolizing a shift towards empowerment and agency [37][40]. Social Commentary - The article draws parallels between the film's themes and contemporary issues, highlighting the ongoing struggles women face in society [40][41]. - It emphasizes the importance of political engagement and awareness of women's rights, suggesting that the fight for equality is ongoing and requires active participation [42][43].