Core Viewpoint - The article explores the fascinating history and production process of glass, highlighting its transformation from a rare luxury item to an essential part of everyday life [2][6]. Production Process - Glass is primarily made from sand, which consists mainly of silicon dioxide (SiO2). When combined with soda (sodium carbonate, Na2CO3), the melting temperature of silicon dioxide is lowered, allowing it to become a molten glass known as water glass (sodium silicate, Na2SiO3) [4]. - To achieve clear glass, iron must be absent from the raw materials; otherwise, the glass will take on a green hue. Various metal oxides can be added to create colored glass, such as cobalt oxide for blue, copper oxide for red, chromium oxide for green, and ferric oxide for brown [4]. Historical Context - Historically, glass was a luxury item reserved for royalty and nobility, but it has since become a common household item, used in mirrors, light bulbs, and various containers [6]. Applications - Ordinary glass, composed of Na₂SiO₃, CaSiO₃, and SiO₂, serves multiple functions, including providing shelter from the elements while allowing sunlight to enter. Techniques such as acid etching can create intricate designs on glass [9]. - Tempered glass, which is rapidly cooled after heating, is known for its safety features, breaking into small, blunt pieces rather than sharp shards [9]. - Quartz glass, made solely from silicon dioxide, is utilized in high-temperature and high-purity applications, such as in the production of high-performance glass fibers and semiconductor manufacturing [12].