彩色玻璃

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认识罗蒙诺索夫
Ren Min Ri Bao· 2025-06-19 21:51
Group 1 - Mikhail Lomonosov is a prominent figure in Russian history, known for his contributions as a scientist, linguist, and poet, with significant institutions named after him, including Moscow State University [1] - Lomonosov established Russia's first chemistry laboratory in 1748, achieving success in producing colored glass after nearly 4000 experiments, despite foreign experts withholding key techniques [2] - He discovered the law of conservation of mass through experiments that contradicted the prevailing phlogiston theory, paving the way for future scientific advancements [2] Group 2 - Lomonosov advocated for education and the establishment of a university in Moscow, leading to the founding of Moscow State University in 1755, which allowed students from various social classes to enroll [3] - The university produced notable figures in the 19th century, including Herzen, Chekhov, and Kandinsky, who made significant contributions to philosophy, literature, and art [3] - In the 20th century, Moscow State University continued to excel in science, with alumni like Sakharov and Semenov making groundbreaking contributions in physics and chemistry [4] Group 3 - The university's auditorium features portraits of prominent scientists, including Chinese scholars, reflecting its international academic connections [4][5] - Between 1951 and 1965, thousands of Chinese students graduated from Moscow State University, contributing to the development of science and technology in New China [5] - A statue of Lomonosov stands at the university, symbolizing his enduring legacy and the ongoing pursuit of knowledge by new generations of students [5]
“神秘明珠” 到芯片宇宙:原来玻璃是这样“炼”成的!
中国有色金属工业协会硅业分会· 2025-05-20 07:04
Core Viewpoint - The article explores the fascinating history and production process of glass, highlighting its transformation from a rare luxury item to an essential part of everyday life [2][6]. Production Process - Glass is primarily made from sand, which consists mainly of silicon dioxide (SiO2). When combined with soda (sodium carbonate, Na2CO3), the melting temperature of silicon dioxide is lowered, allowing it to become a molten glass known as water glass (sodium silicate, Na2SiO3) [4]. - To achieve clear glass, iron must be absent from the raw materials; otherwise, the glass will take on a green hue. Various metal oxides can be added to create colored glass, such as cobalt oxide for blue, copper oxide for red, chromium oxide for green, and ferric oxide for brown [4]. Historical Context - Historically, glass was a luxury item reserved for royalty and nobility, but it has since become a common household item, used in mirrors, light bulbs, and various containers [6]. Applications - Ordinary glass, composed of Na₂SiO₃, CaSiO₃, and SiO₂, serves multiple functions, including providing shelter from the elements while allowing sunlight to enter. Techniques such as acid etching can create intricate designs on glass [9]. - Tempered glass, which is rapidly cooled after heating, is known for its safety features, breaking into small, blunt pieces rather than sharp shards [9]. - Quartz glass, made solely from silicon dioxide, is utilized in high-temperature and high-purity applications, such as in the production of high-performance glass fibers and semiconductor manufacturing [12].