石英玻璃介绍 石英玻璃是一种由高纯度二氧化硅（SiO）单一组分构成的特种工业技术玻璃，一般分为天然石英 玻璃（Natural Fused Quartz）和合成石英玻璃（Synthetic Fused Silica）。天然石英玻璃又被称为普通石 英玻璃，合成石英玻璃被称为高纯石英玻璃。石英石玻璃的应用领域极为广泛，国内外生产厂商众 多，所推出的牌号更是纷繁复杂，这就导致在实际应用中，用户往往因缺乏对各牌号材料的认知，从 而陷入不知该如何选择的困境，由此我们对石英玻璃进行了研究，鉴于篇幅有限，在此仅对其相关标 准及牌号做介绍，期望能为后续的工作应用提供有益的参考与指导。 1 国内石英玻璃采用建材行业标准JC/T 185，分别经历1981、1996、2013三次换版。其中81版 将石英玻璃按其应用光谱波段分为远紫外光学石英玻璃（JGS1）、紫外光学石英玻璃（JGS2）、 红外光学石英玻璃（JGS3）；96版将其分为远紫外光学石英玻璃（ZS-1）、紫外光学石英玻璃 标准 （ S 2） 可见光学石英玻璃（ S）和红外光学石英玻璃（ S） 2013版将其分为紫外光学石 （ZS-2）、可见光学石英玻璃（KS）和红外光学石英 ...

Group 1 - The article discusses the differences between quartz glass and ordinary glass, highlighting that quartz glass is made from over 99% pure silica, while ordinary glass contains 70%-75% silica along with other components [1][3] - Quartz glass is characterized by its high chemical stability, being inert to most acids except hydrofluoric and hot phosphoric acid, making it a suitable material for various chemical applications [3][4] - The thermal expansion coefficient of quartz glass is significantly lower than that of ordinary glass, being 5.5*10^-7/℃, which is 1/12 to 1/20 of ordinary glass [4] Group 2 - The article categorizes glass into flat glass and deep-processed glass, with flat glass further divided into three types: drawn glass, rolled glass, and float glass, with float glass becoming the mainstream manufacturing method due to its uniform thickness and ease of management [2] - Quartz glass exhibits unique optical properties, allowing it to transmit ultraviolet light and visible light, making it essential for high-stability optical systems in harsh environments [3][4]

Core Viewpoint - China is the largest producer and consumer of quartz glass globally, with a growing market size driven by advancements in semiconductor, optical communication, and aerospace sectors, projected to increase from 5.115 billion yuan in 2016 to 9.970 billion yuan by 2024 [1][15]. Industry Overview - Quartz glass is a non-crystalline material composed solely of silicon dioxide, known for its unique properties such as low thermal expansion, high temperature resistance, and excellent chemical stability, making it essential in various high-tech industries [3][4]. - The production methods for quartz glass include natural quartz glass from raw materials like quartz crystals and synthetic quartz glass through chemical reactions [6]. Industry Chain - The upstream of the quartz glass industry involves the production of high-purity quartz sand, which is crucial for manufacturing quartz glass. The midstream focuses on the production of quartz glass materials and products, while the downstream encompasses applications in high-tech fields such as semiconductors and aerospace [7][9]. Market Demand and Growth - The global quartz glass products market is expected to grow from 2.2 billion USD in 2016 to 4 billion USD by 2024, driven by demand in semiconductor manufacturing and optical communication [13]. - In China, the semiconductor sector accounts for the largest share of quartz glass demand at 65%, followed by optical fiber at 14% and optical applications at 10% [11]. Competitive Landscape - The global quartz glass industry is characterized by high concentration, with only six manufacturers holding TEL certification. In China, local companies like Hubei Feilihua and Jiangsu Pacific Quartz are gaining recognition for their product quality and innovation [19][20]. Future Trends - The market demand for quartz glass is expected to grow steadily due to advancements in semiconductor technology, renewable energy focus in the photovoltaic sector, and stable demand in optical and aerospace applications [24]. - The industry is moving towards green development, with increased regulatory scrutiny on environmental practices, pushing companies to adopt more sustainable production methods [25]. - Competition is intensifying, with established international players and emerging market companies striving to enhance product quality and reduce costs [27].

Core Viewpoint - The article explores the fascinating history and production process of glass, highlighting its transformation from a rare luxury item to an essential part of everyday life [2][6]. Production Process - Glass is primarily made from sand, which consists mainly of silicon dioxide (SiO2). When combined with soda (sodium carbonate, Na2CO3), the melting temperature of silicon dioxide is lowered, allowing it to become a molten glass known as water glass (sodium silicate, Na2SiO3) [4]. - To achieve clear glass, iron must be absent from the raw materials; otherwise, the glass will take on a green hue. Various metal oxides can be added to create colored glass, such as cobalt oxide for blue, copper oxide for red, chromium oxide for green, and ferric oxide for brown [4]. Historical Context - Historically, glass was a luxury item reserved for royalty and nobility, but it has since become a common household item, used in mirrors, light bulbs, and various containers [6]. Applications - Ordinary glass, composed of Na₂SiO₃, CaSiO₃, and SiO₂, serves multiple functions, including providing shelter from the elements while allowing sunlight to enter. Techniques such as acid etching can create intricate designs on glass [9]. - Tempered glass, which is rapidly cooled after heating, is known for its safety features, breaking into small, blunt pieces rather than sharp shards [9]. - Quartz glass, made solely from silicon dioxide, is utilized in high-temperature and high-purity applications, such as in the production of high-performance glass fibers and semiconductor manufacturing [12].

Core Viewpoint - The performance and chemical purity of quartz glass are closely related, influenced by raw materials and preparation processes, leading to various defects that can affect product quality [1] Defects in Quartz Glass - Common macro defects in quartz glass include bubbles, inclusions, stripes, and cracks due to thermal stress, primarily caused by impure raw materials or improper manufacturing processes [2] - Structural defects arise from impurities in the Si-O atomic network, mainly metal impurities and hydroxyl groups, which can affect chemical stability and optical properties, particularly in semiconductor applications [3] Methods to Reduce Defects - High-temperature homogenization can improve or eliminate internal bubbles, stripes, and particles in quartz glass, with parameters like temperature, pressure, and homogenization time being crucial for enhancing material uniformity and stability [4] - Annealing is essential for reducing residual stress in quartz glass, with factors such as annealing temperature, heating and cooling rates, and holding time significantly impacting stress removal [5] - Hydroxyl groups, primarily from electric melting and hydrogen-oxygen flame processes, can be effectively reduced through vacuum conditions, improving the quality of quartz products [6]

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the critical role of quartz sand in the glass industry, highlighting its importance in various glass products and the stringent quality requirements based on chemical composition, stability, and particle size [1]. Group 1: Classification of Quartz Sand for Glass Industry - The industry standard "QB/T 2196-1996" outlines the classification and testing methods for quartz sand used in the glass industry, applicable to processed quartz sand [2]. Group 2: Flat Glass - Different downstream markets for flat glass have varying requirements for quartz sand, categorized into Class I and Class II based on Al2O3 content [3]. - The industry standard "JC/T 529-2000" specifies the chemical composition and particle size requirements for quartz sand used in flat glass [4]. Group 3: Daily Use Glass - Daily use glass products include bottles, containers, and medical glass, with quartz sand being a significant raw material [5]. - The melting temperature of quartz sand is approximately 1730°C, and the particle size significantly affects glass formation [6]. Group 4: Ultra-Clear Glass - Ultra-clear glass, known for its high light transmittance (≥91.5%) and low iron content (100-150 ppm), has strict raw material composition requirements [7]. - The primary raw materials for ultra-clear glass include quartz sand, feldspar, and limestone, with specific percentage requirements for each component [8]. Group 5: Photovoltaic Glass - Photovoltaic glass protects solar cells and must have low iron content, high light transmittance, and resistance to corrosion and high temperatures [9]. - The industry standard "JC/T 2314-2015" outlines the quality requirements for quartz sand used in photovoltaic glass [10]. Group 6: Quartz Glass - Quartz glass, known for its exceptional mechanical, thermal, optical, and electrical properties, is primarily made from high-purity quartz sand [12]. - The performance characteristics of quartz glass include high transmittance across UV, visible, and infrared spectra, high-temperature resistance, and low thermal expansion [13]. Group 7: Impurity Requirements for Quartz Sand - The impurity content requirements for quartz sand vary by industrial application, with strict limits on elements like Al, Fe, and Ti for high-end uses such as semiconductors and optical devices [14].