了解类器官能够自发地产生活体大脑的基本神经结构，为更好地理解人类神经发育、神经系统疾病以及 环境毒素对大脑的影响开辟了多种可能性。这些模型具备捕捉复杂神经动力学的基础能力，而这些动力 学很可能与某些发病机制密切相关。未来，团队将在临床前层面探索开发新的化合物、药物疗法或基因 编辑工具。 【总编辑圈点】 种子还深埋于土壤中时，就具备破土而出的"潜力"。这不是种子后天"学会"的，而是生命进化写入基因 的底层程序。同理，人脑在发育之初，神经元就可以自发地发出复杂的电信号，与世界进行初步互动， 为后续处理更复杂的外部感官信号做准备，这也是人类基因的底层编码决定的。也就是说，新生婴儿的 大脑并非白纸一张，而是带着基因为人脑预设的"出厂设置"。这一发现，有助于科学家更好地理解人脑 发育机制，并有望为利用基因编辑等手段治疗先天性神经疾病提供启发。 在这项研究中，团队引导干细胞发育成脑组织，然后使用类似计算机芯片的专用微电极阵列来记录其电 活动。在观察脑组织从干细胞自我组装成能够处理感官信息，并最终产生语言和意识思维的复杂结构的 过程中发现，在发育的最初几个月内，远在人脑能够接收和处理视觉、听觉等复杂外部感官信息之前， 其内 ...

Group 1 - The report indicates a trend of younger onset of hemorrhagic stroke in China, with rural areas showing higher incidence rates compared to urban areas [1] - Stroke is the leading cause of death and disability among adults in China, accounting for approximately one-third of global stroke-related deaths [1] - Over 85% of hemorrhagic strokes can be prevented through the control of risk factors such as high systolic blood pressure, poor diet, air pollution, and tobacco dependence [1] Group 2 - There are currently 15.07 million dementia patients in China, with Alzheimer's disease accounting for 9.83 million cases, representing 65.2% of the total [2] - The prevalence of dementia among individuals aged 60 and above is 6.0%, with an annual incidence rate of 204.8 per 100,000 and a mortality rate of 34.6 per 100,000 [2] - Controllable risk factors for dementia include hypertension, diabetes, obesity, excessive alcohol consumption, smoking, and social isolation, which if managed effectively, can significantly reduce the risk of developing dementia [2]

Core Viewpoint - The World Health Organization (WHO) emphasizes the urgent need for global action to address the increasing burden of neurological diseases, as less than one-third of countries have established national policies to combat these conditions [1] Group 1: Global Impact of Neurological Diseases - Neurological diseases currently affect over 40% of the global population, translating to more than 3 billion people, and result in over 11 million deaths annually [1] - The top ten neurological diseases causing death and disability as of 2021 include stroke, neonatal brain disorders, migraines, Alzheimer's and other dementias, diabetic neuropathy, meningitis, idiopathic epilepsy, complications from preterm birth, autism spectrum disorders, and neurological cancers [1] Group 2: Challenges in Low and Middle-Income Countries - Many low- and middle-income countries lack national plans, budgets, and professionals to address neurological diseases [1] - WHO calls for urgent, evidence-based, and coordinated global actions to prioritize brain health and expand diagnostic and treatment services for neurological diseases [1] Group 3: Call to Action - WHO's Assistant Director-General for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Jeremy Farrar, states that many neurological diseases are preventable or treatable, yet many individuals lack access to necessary services [1] - There is a collective responsibility to ensure that patients and their families are prioritized, and that brain health receives the attention and investment it requires [1]

Core Insights - The study reveals that non-coding DNA, previously considered "junk," plays a crucial role in gene regulation and brain development, particularly focusing on transposons known as "jumping genes" [1][2] - The research highlights the significance of LINE-1 (L1) transposons in human brain development, suggesting their active role in regulating neural development and potential links to neurodevelopmental disorders [2] Group 1 - The international research team utilized organoids and CRISPR technology to silence L1 sequences, observing significant disruptions in gene expression and brain organoid growth [1] - The findings indicate that L1 transposons are not merely evolutionary remnants but essential components of the gene regulatory network in the brain [2] Group 2 - The study suggests that the activity of L1 transposons may help explain the differences between human brains and those of other primates from an evolutionary perspective [2] - Ongoing research aims to explore the role of transposons in neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's, potentially revealing disease mechanisms and informing future treatment strategies [2]