了解类器官能够自发地产生活体大脑的基本神经结构，为更好地理解人类神经发育、神经系统疾病以及 环境毒素对大脑的影响开辟了多种可能性。这些模型具备捕捉复杂神经动力学的基础能力，而这些动力 学很可能与某些发病机制密切相关。未来，团队将在临床前层面探索开发新的化合物、药物疗法或基因 编辑工具。 【总编辑圈点】 种子还深埋于土壤中时，就具备破土而出的"潜力"。这不是种子后天"学会"的，而是生命进化写入基因 的底层程序。同理，人脑在发育之初，神经元就可以自发地发出复杂的电信号，与世界进行初步互动， 为后续处理更复杂的外部感官信号做准备，这也是人类基因的底层编码决定的。也就是说，新生婴儿的 大脑并非白纸一张，而是带着基因为人脑预设的"出厂设置"。这一发现，有助于科学家更好地理解人脑 发育机制，并有望为利用基因编辑等手段治疗先天性神经疾病提供启发。 在这项研究中，团队引导干细胞发育成脑组织，然后使用类似计算机芯片的专用微电极阵列来记录其电 活动。在观察脑组织从干细胞自我组装成能够处理感官信息，并最终产生语言和意识思维的复杂结构的 过程中发现，在发育的最初几个月内，远在人脑能够接收和处理视觉、听觉等复杂外部感官信息之前， 其内 ...

包括美国加州大学圣克鲁兹分校、约翰斯·霍普金斯大学以及德国、瑞士多家机构联合团队，借助名为 类器官的微型人脑组织模型，揭示了大脑天生预置"操作系统"。发表在《自然·神经科学》上的最新研 究颠覆了传统认知，表明大脑最早的神经元放电是以结构化模式进行的，且完全不依赖任何外部体验。 这一发现暗示，大脑在人出生前就已预设了如何与世界互动的基本"指令"。 团队在观察类器官中单个神经元的放电活动时发现，即使没有接收任何来自外部世界的感官输入，神经 元网络也能够自发地产生复杂且具有时间序列特征的放电活动。这强烈暗示了活体大脑的神经结构中， 存在着一种固有的、由基因编码决定的发育蓝图。 了解类器官能够自发地产生活体大脑的基本神经结构，为更好地理解人类神经发育、神经系统疾病以及 环境毒素对大脑的影响开辟了多种可能性。这些模型具备捕捉复杂神经动力学的基础能力，而这些动力 学很可能与某些发病机制密切相关。未来，团队将在临床前层面探索开发新的化合物、药物疗法或基因 编辑工具。 （文章来源：科技日报） 人类长久以来一直在思索：思维究竟是何时开始形成的？大脑是天生就已配置好，还是思维模式仅随着 对周围世界的感官体验而逐渐形成？大脑的运作 ...

Core Insights - Researchers at Johns Hopkins University have developed a new type of "whole brain" organoid that integrates multiple brain region neural tissues and features preliminary vascular structures, marking a significant advancement in organoid technology [1] Group 1 - The new organoid successfully combines various brain region tissues into a unified operational structure, which is a first in the field [1] - This breakthrough is expected to open new avenues for research into complex neuropsychiatric disorders such as autism and schizophrenia [1]

Core Viewpoint - The research developed human airway submucosal gland (SMG) organoids to study respiratory inflammation and infection, marking a significant advancement in organoid research and its applications in drug development and regenerative medicine [2][3]. Group 1: Research Background - The study was led by Hans Clevers' team, with Lin Lin as the first author, and published in Cell Stem Cell on June 12, 2025 [2]. - The development of organoids began in 2009 with the cultivation of intestinal organoids from mouse intestinal stem cells, which opened the era of organoid research [2]. Group 2: Importance of SMG - SMG plays a crucial role in mucus secretion and host defense, containing various cell types that contribute to airway moisture and pathogen resistance [7]. - Recent studies indicate that SMG aids in the repair and regeneration of airway epithelium after injury, suggesting its potential as a reservoir of multipotent progenitor cells [8]. Group 3: Research Findings - The research established human organoids from primary bronchial tissues to explore the unique physiological characteristics of SMG and surface airway epithelium (SAE) [9]. - Single-cell RNA sequencing confirmed that the organoid models accurately replicate the inherent cellular heterogeneity of each tissue type, with SMG organoids rich in MUC5B-producing cells [9]. Group 4: Key Highlights - The study successfully cultivated SMG organoids from human bronchial tissue [10]. - ANPEP/CD13 was identified as a specific marker for glandular secretory cells [10]. - The research demonstrated that cytokines related to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) trigger different inflammatory responses in the organoids [10]. Group 5: Conclusion - The SMG organoid model serves as a new tool for investigating the complex roles of SMG in human airways, providing a more physiologically relevant system for studying responses to infection and inflammation [12].

Core Viewpoint - The recent research from Stanford University introduces a method to cultivate vascularized cardiac and hepatic organoids from human pluripotent stem cells, overcoming significant limitations in organoid development and enhancing their utility as biological models for studying organ development and drug exposure effects [2][3]. Group 1: Research Background - The field of organoid research began in 2009 with the creation of the first intestinal organoid from adult stem cells, leading to advancements in various organoid types for studying diseases and drug development [1]. - A persistent challenge in organoid research is their small size and lack of a vascular system, which limits their growth and viability beyond a certain diameter [1]. Group 2: Research Methodology - The research team developed a method to cultivate vascularized cardiac organoids capable of growing larger and reaching more mature stages, making them more practical for biological modeling [3][5]. - They optimized a culture formula combining 34 different conditions to generate cardiac organoids containing key cell types, including cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells [6][7]. Group 3: Key Findings - The optimal culture condition (Condition 32) produced vibrant cardiac organoids with a significant presence of the three key cell types [7][9]. - The vascularized cardiac organoids exhibited a structure resembling capillaries, with diameters of 10-100 micrometers, similar to human hair width [10]. - Analysis revealed that these organoids encompass 15-17 different cell types, comparable to those found in a six-week-old human embryonic heart [11]. Group 4: Implications and Future Directions - The research indicates that these vascularized organoids can serve as models for studying early human development and drug effects, with initial tests showing increased vascularization in response to opioid exposure [12]. - The study confirmed that vascular formation in different organ systems follows a conserved developmental program, suggesting the potential to cultivate other vascularized organoids, such as hepatic organoids with complex vascular networks [13][14]. - Future plans include extending the development time of these organoids and optimizing the culture conditions to generate additional cell types, aiming to better mimic adult organ composition [16].

Group 1: Financial Performance - The company's CRO service revenue for 2022 was 109.6 million with a gross margin of 66.96% [4] - In 2023, CRO service revenue increased to 154.1 million with a gross margin of 69.62% [4] - However, in 2024, CRO service revenue rose to 168.5 million but the gross margin dropped to 47.58%, indicating a decline of over 20 percentage points [4] Group 2: Market Challenges and Strategies - The company faced a negative growth in CRO service revenue in the second half of 2024 due to market competition and price adjustments [2] - To mitigate the impact of increased tariffs between the US and China, the company has enhanced local warehousing and inventory measures while leveraging its US and Canadian production capabilities [3] - The company aims to improve service competitiveness and expand overseas CRO business to achieve growth in 2025 [2] Group 3: Business Development and Future Outlook - The company expects its conventional business revenue to continue growing in 2025, despite uncertainties in unconventional business revenue due to external factors [3] - The dry powder culture medium business is anticipated to generate revenue starting in 2025 after initial customer trials in 2024 [5] - The company plans to enhance the utilization of the Skyland Industrial Square, acquired for over 900 million, to support the biopharmaceutical industry chain in the capital [5] Group 4: Product Development and Innovation - The company is actively developing biological reagents related to organoid research, including matrix gels, although there are currently no plans for traditional matrix gel products due to animal use requirements [7] - New products such as salt-tolerant nucleic acid enzymes and linking enzymes have been launched by the Suzhou subsidiary, which is still in the process of market expansion [6]