Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article highlights that science and technology are no longer confined to academia but are essential for global governance, inclusive development, and the construction of a shared human destiny [1] - The 2025 list of top scientific figures emphasizes the importance of breaking down technological monopolies and promoting equitable participation in global scientific research [2] - The achievements of researchers, such as Liang Wenfeng from DeepSeek, reflect a growing international focus on bridging the global technology gap and ensuring fair access to scientific advancements [2] Group 2 - The article discusses significant discoveries that expand human understanding, including the identification of the deepest known animal ecosystem by Du Mengran and his team [3] - The construction of the Vera C. Rubin Observatory, led by Tony Tyson, represents a high-risk, high-reward project that aims to reveal thousands of galaxies to humanity [3] - The interplay between basic research and practical applications in life sciences is illustrated by breakthroughs in immunology and gene-targeted therapies for rare diseases [4] Group 3 - The commitment to defending truth and integrity in science is exemplified by figures like Achal Agrawal, who has driven significant reforms in India's university ranking system [5] - The article also highlights the contributions of researchers like Luciano Moreira, who has effectively implemented mosquito control technologies to combat vector-borne diseases [6] - The diverse backgrounds of the featured scientists point to a unified direction towards global collaboration and open sharing in addressing challenges posed by emerging technologies and public health crises [6]

Core Insights - The 2025 list of top scientists by Nature highlights the significant role of science and technology in global governance and inclusive development, emphasizing that scientific advancements should not be exclusive to wealthy nations and corporations [1][2]. Group 1: Promoting Open and Fair Sharing - The recognition of Chinese AI company DeepSeek's founder Liang Wenfeng reflects the global emphasis on breaking down technological barriers and promoting equitable participation in scientific research [1]. - The efforts of South African public health official Preshes Mazoso, co-chair of the WHO negotiation team, led to the historic WHO Pandemic Accord, enabling equitable access to pandemic resources for low-income countries [2]. Group 2: Expanding Human Knowledge Boundaries - Researcher Du Mengran and her team discovered the deepest known animal ecosystem during a deep-sea expedition, showcasing the continuous expansion of human understanding of the ocean [3]. - Tony Tyson, a physicist at the University of California, Davis, played a pivotal role in the realization of the $810 million Vera C. Rubin Observatory, which will allow for unprecedented astronomical observations [3]. Group 3: Creating Miracles in Life Sciences - Israeli systems biologist Iftach Melbo discovered a new immune mechanism hidden in cellular waste, contributing to advancements in immunology [4]. - The development of a gene-targeted therapy for Huntington's disease by Sara Dabrish and her team represents a significant breakthrough in treating neurodegenerative diseases [4]. - The case of KJ Mardun, a baby with a rare disease who received personalized gene editing therapy, highlights the potential of new technologies in treating rare conditions [4]. Group 4: Upholding Truth and Integrity - Indian data scientist Achar Agrawal, known as the "retraction detective," has driven significant reforms in India's university ranking system by exposing issues related to paper retractions [5]. - Microbiologist and immunologist Susan Monarez, who was dismissed from her position as director of the CDC for upholding scientific integrity, exemplifies the challenges faced in public health [5]. - Brazilian researcher Luciano Moreira's "mosquito factory" has made important contributions to controlling mosquito-borne diseases, demonstrating the impact of scientific research on public health policy [5].