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【招银研究|海外宏观】滞胀疑云——美国非农就业数据点评(2026年2月)
招商银行研究· 2026-03-09 10:33
Core Viewpoint - The February non-farm employment data significantly underperformed market expectations, with a decrease of 92,000 jobs compared to an expected increase of 55,000. The unemployment rate rose to 4.4%, above the expected 4.3%, while the labor force participation rate fell to 62.0%, below the expected 62.5%. Average hourly earnings increased by 0.4% month-on-month and 3.8% year-on-year, indicating some resilience in wage growth despite the overall employment decline [1]. Group 1: Employment Data Analysis - The unemployment rate unexpectedly increased by 0.1 percentage points to 4.4%, with the number of unemployed rising by 203,000 to 7.571 million, ending a two-month decline. The employment count from household surveys decreased by 185,000, with part-time employment due to economic reasons dropping by 477,000, while full-time employment rose by 292,000 [2]. - The employment market's liquidity is deteriorating, with voluntary resignations decreasing by 171,000 to 867,000, and re-entrants to the job market increasing by 152,000 to 2.32 million. Permanent unemployment rose by 29,000 to 203,700, indicating a weakening "low-volatility equilibrium" in the job market [6]. - The labor force participation rate fell by 0.1 percentage points to 62.0%, with the participation rate for the prime working age group (25-54 years) also declining by 0.1 percentage points to 83.9% [9]. Group 2: Non-Farm Employment Changes - February's non-farm employment data showed a significant negative shift, with a loss of 92,000 jobs, which was much lower than expected. The previous month's data was also revised downwards, with December's figures adjusted down by 65,000 to -17,000 and January's by 4,000 to 126,000 [12]. - Weather-related factors contributed to the employment decline, with an estimated 228,000 workers unable to work due to weather conditions, which was 61,000 more than in February 2025. Additionally, a strike at Kaiser Permanente reduced healthcare employment by 31,000 [15]. - Average weekly hours remained high at 34.3 hours, suggesting that the employment reduction reflects temporary disruptions rather than a fundamental weakening of the job market [16]. Group 3: Market Strategy and Outlook - The employment weakness is primarily attributed to temporary factors like weather, with the underlying trend remaining robust. In light of rising oil prices, the Federal Reserve is likely to focus more on inflation risks, delaying the next interest rate cut to September [18]. - Following the release of the weak non-farm report, the U.S. Treasury yield curve initially steepened but quickly reversed, with yields flattening. The 2-year yield fell by 1.6 basis points to 3.56%, while the 10-year and 30-year yields remained stable at 4.14% and 4.76%, respectively [18]. - Concerns about inflation may lead the Federal Reserve to maintain interest rates longer than previously expected, which could continue to flatten the yield curve. The current market dynamics are still heavily influenced by geopolitical tensions, particularly regarding Iran [19].