Core Viewpoints - The recent pressures in the US funding market were caused by the Federal Reserve's balance sheet reduction, the US Treasury's TGA fund replenishment, and seasonal fluctuations [2][5] - After experiencing liquidity tightening due to these factors, the funding market pressures have significantly eased, indicating that liquidity stress is now manageable [5][6] Funding Market Dynamics - The repo market indicators showed increased spreads during September and October due to month-end pressures and TGA fund replenishment, but these spreads have since decreased in November [3][5] - The increase in spreads between the secured overnight financing rate (SOFR) and the interest on reserves balance (IORB) reflected liquidity tightening, but current levels are still below those seen during the 2019 repo market crisis [3][5] Use of Liquidity Tools - Financial institutions had been using the Standing Repo Facility (SRF) more frequently during September and October due to liquidity pressures, but usage has declined significantly since the end of October [4][5] - The SRF is designed to support effective monetary policy implementation and stabilize short-term rates during liquidity stress [4] Future Outlook - The Federal Reserve's decision to end balance sheet reduction on December 1 is expected to further alleviate funding market pressures [6] - The Fed plans to reinvest proceeds from maturing mortgage-backed securities into short-term Treasury securities, which will help stabilize its balance sheet and mitigate liquidity risks [6]