在日常生活中，我们可能会有这些经历：一喝冷饮就腹痛、腹泻；一进考场就想上厕所；一有急事、一 紧张就突然肚子痛且无法忍耐；一吃生冷辛辣的食品后，马上就拉肚子……每当这个时候，担心自己身 体的朋友们就想去医院一探究竟，看看到底是什么原因让自己一紧张就会肚子痛、想去拉肚子，但是在 做了各种相关检查后仍然发现不了什么实质性问题，这时医生就会告诉你，可能是"肠易激综合征"惹的 祸。 一、什么是肠易激综合征？ 肠易激综合征（Irritable bowel syndrome，简称IBS）是一种以腹部不适或腹痛伴排便习惯改变和排便异 常为特征，而无器质性病变的功能性肠病。各个年龄段的人都有可能得这个病，但最主要集中在18-59 岁的中青年人群，女性比男性患病率稍高一些。 二、如何判断肠易激综合征？ 为了很好地去定义这个"傲娇"的肠道小脾气，各国的医生们绞尽脑汁，经过多年的临床观察及数据统 计，最后制定了一个"罗马IV标准"来规范它。这个标准包含三个要点：首先需要排除器官结构异常或生 化指标问题；其次要有反复发作的腹痛，且最近三个月平均每周至少发作一次；同时至少符合以下特征 两项：①腹痛与排便有关；②腹痛时伴随排便次数变化；③ ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the relationship between sudden temperature drops and the onset of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), emphasizing the importance of preventive measures during cold weather [1][3]. Group 1: Impact of Cold Weather on IBS - Cold weather can lead to vasoconstriction in the intestinal blood vessels, causing smooth muscle contractions in the intestines, which may result in symptoms like abdominal pain and diarrhea [3]. - A decrease in immunity during cold weather can lead to an increase in harmful bacteria and a decrease in beneficial bacteria, disrupting the gut microbiome [3][5]. Group 2: Lifestyle Factors Contributing to IBS - Sedentary behavior, poor eating habits, and low mood during winter can exacerbate IBS symptoms [5]. - The preference for hot, heavy foods like hot pot during winter can also contribute to IBS symptoms [5]. Group 3: Preventive Measures for IBS - Recommendations include wearing warm clothing, using heat packs for abdominal discomfort, and avoiding cold stimuli [7]. - Dietary advice suggests avoiding spicy and greasy foods, as well as managing fiber intake based on individual symptoms [8]. - Engaging in 30 minutes of physical activity daily and getting sunlight exposure can promote gut motility and alleviate anxiety [9]. Group 4: Common Misconceptions about IBS - Misconception that diarrhea is merely due to cold exposure; persistent symptoms should be evaluated for IBS [12]. - Over-reliance on antibiotics can disrupt gut flora and worsen IBS symptoms [13]. - Over-restricting diet can lead to increased constipation; dietary adjustments should be symptom-specific [14]. Group 5: Awareness of Other Gastrointestinal Issues - The article highlights the prevalence of Norovirus during the fall season, which can cause symptoms similar to IBS, emphasizing the need for hygiene and preventive measures [18][20].

Group 1 - The core issue of summer diarrhea is its increased incidence, with a 30% higher consultation rate compared to other seasons, primarily due to infectious causes [1][2] - Infectious diarrhea is mainly caused by pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites, while non-infectious diarrhea is related to functional issues [2][3] - High temperatures contribute to the risk of diarrhea through factors like food spoilage, excessive consumption of cold foods, improper air conditioning use, and decreased immunity [5] Group 2 - Symptoms of diarrhea vary by cause: bacterial diarrhea often presents with severe abdominal pain and may include fever, while viral diarrhea, such as that caused by norovirus, typically features watery stools and vomiting [7][8] - Functional diarrhea can be triggered by emotional stress or consumption of cold foods, often alleviating after bowel movements [9][12] - Specific conditions warrant medical attention, such as diarrhea lasting over 48 hours with severe symptoms like persistent watery stools, vomiting, and fever [10][11] Group 3 - Misconceptions about diarrhea prevention methods are prevalent, such as the belief that probiotics and vitamin C can prevent diarrhea, which is incorrect [16] - The idea that reheating leftover food makes it safe to eat is also misleading, as some toxins may remain even after cooking [18]

Group 1 - The article emphasizes the connection between gut health and brain function, highlighting the "gut-brain axis" which affects emotions and concentration [3][4] - It discusses how stress signals from the brain can lead to increased gut motility, causing symptoms like diarrhea, particularly during high-pressure situations like exams [3][4] - Recommendations for maintaining gut health during exams include a balanced diet, avoiding high sugar and high-fat foods, and incorporating probiotics and dietary fiber [3][4] Group 2 - The article suggests that both hunger and overeating can negatively impact exam performance, advising students to choose complex carbohydrates paired with quality proteins for sustained energy [3] - It highlights the importance of hydration, recommending small, frequent sips of water to prevent dehydration without causing frequent bathroom trips [3] - Techniques for reducing anxiety and promoting gut health, such as abdominal breathing exercises and ensuring adequate sleep, are also recommended [4]