Group 1 - The core issue of summer diarrhea is its increased incidence, with a 30% higher consultation rate compared to other seasons, primarily due to infectious causes [1][2] - Infectious diarrhea is mainly caused by pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites, while non-infectious diarrhea is related to functional issues [2][3] - High temperatures contribute to the risk of diarrhea through factors like food spoilage, excessive consumption of cold foods, improper air conditioning use, and decreased immunity [5] Group 2 - Symptoms of diarrhea vary by cause: bacterial diarrhea often presents with severe abdominal pain and may include fever, while viral diarrhea, such as that caused by norovirus, typically features watery stools and vomiting [7][8] - Functional diarrhea can be triggered by emotional stress or consumption of cold foods, often alleviating after bowel movements [9][12] - Specific conditions warrant medical attention, such as diarrhea lasting over 48 hours with severe symptoms like persistent watery stools, vomiting, and fever [10][11] Group 3 - Misconceptions about diarrhea prevention methods are prevalent, such as the belief that probiotics and vitamin C can prevent diarrhea, which is incorrect [16] - The idea that reheating leftover food makes it safe to eat is also misleading, as some toxins may remain even after cooking [18]

Group 1 - The article emphasizes the connection between gut health and brain function, highlighting the "gut-brain axis" which affects emotions and concentration [3][4] - It discusses how stress signals from the brain can lead to increased gut motility, causing symptoms like diarrhea, particularly during high-pressure situations like exams [3][4] - Recommendations for maintaining gut health during exams include a balanced diet, avoiding high sugar and high-fat foods, and incorporating probiotics and dietary fiber [3][4] Group 2 - The article suggests that both hunger and overeating can negatively impact exam performance, advising students to choose complex carbohydrates paired with quality proteins for sustained energy [3] - It highlights the importance of hydration, recommending small, frequent sips of water to prevent dehydration without causing frequent bathroom trips [3] - Techniques for reducing anxiety and promoting gut health, such as abdominal breathing exercises and ensuring adequate sleep, are also recommended [4]