每当面对谁洗碗、吃什么这类问题时，很多人都会用"石头剪刀布"来做了断，这种游戏因此也被称为"分歧终端机"。 石头剪刀布的精华在于各元素间的权力是循环、均衡的：A胜于B，B胜于C，C却又反过来胜于A。长期看，每种选择背后的胜率都无限接近33.3%，堪称 完美的微型决策工具。 分歧终端机|电影《非诚勿扰》 这种权力循环在很多文化中存在变体。比如，日本古代就有个"婆、庄屋与虎"的游戏：村长的妈妈可以管住村长，强壮的村长可以制服老虎，凶猛的老虎 能够夺走老人的性命； 印度尼西亚的"大象、人和蚂蚁"类似：大象可以踩死人，人能够踩死蚂蚁，但蚂蚁可以钻进象鼻，把大象折磨得半死。 semut是蚂蚁，orang是人，gajah是大象|网络 橘色蜥蜴最好战，拥有最大的地盘和多达6个配偶，但仍热衷于和其他颜色的雄蜥蜴斗争；蓝色蜥蜴战斗力略弱，不过擅长抱团抵御敌人，它们地盘较 小，只有1到2个配偶；黄色蜥蜴喜欢躺平，没有任何地盘，但擅长偷偷潜入其他颜色蜥蜴的领地，偷别人老婆。 在美国西部和墨西哥北部的干燥地区，生活着一种叫侧斑犹他蜥的小型蜥蜴。每到繁殖季节，雄蜥蜴的脖子就会变为橘色、蓝色和黄色中的一种。每种颜 色脖子的蜥蜴会采取完全 ...

Core Insights - The research published in "Nature" reveals a significant advancement in understanding mammalian jaw joint evolution, proposing a four-stage sequence that outlines the transformation of this critical anatomical structure [1][2][3] Group 1: Research Findings - The study identifies two fossil specimens that were overlooked for decades, which have now provided new insights into the evolution of the jaw joint in mammals [1] - The first fossil, from Sichuan, exhibits a unique secondary jaw joint structure, challenging previous notions about the morphology of secondary joints in quadrupeds [1][2] - The second fossil, from Yunnan, has led to the identification of a new genus and species, providing empirical support for the hypothesis regarding the origin of the mammalian jaw joint [2] Group 2: Evolutionary Mechanisms - The research proposes that the evolution of the jaw joint involved multiple independent origins, with previously identified features being re-evaluated in their significance for mammalian classification [2][3] - The study introduces the concept of environmentally induced developmental variation as a potential driver of jaw joint diversity, moving beyond the previously popular hypothesis of size reduction [2][3] Group 3: Implications for Future Research - This research not only enhances the understanding of mammalian jaw joint evolution but also establishes a framework for studying the evolutionary pathways of primitive and secondary jaw joints [3] - The findings underscore the interplay of biomechanical, ecological, and behavioral factors in shaping the evolutionary trajectory of jaw joints, offering valuable insights for vertebrate morphology and functional evolution studies [3]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses a recent study that highlights the role of fetal-like transcription programs in promoting phenotypic plasticity in colorectal cancer, which is crucial for cancer progression, metastasis, and treatment resistance [2][3]. Group 1: Research Development - A patient-derived organoid model (CiPDO) was developed to capture the fetal-like plasticity state in colorectal cancer [4]. - The CiPDO system was cultivated under specific conditions using EGF, CHIR99021, LDN-214117, and FGF2, allowing for long-term expansion of colorectal cancer cells while retaining fetal-like characteristics [7]. Group 2: Key Findings - The research identified an oncofetal state (OnFS) enriched in advanced tumors, associated with key plasticity features including epithelial-mesenchymal transition, increased metastasis, and enhanced treatment resistance [8]. - Mechanistically, the FGF2-AP-1 signaling pathway was shown to maintain the OnFS program and related phenotypic plasticity in colorectal cancer [9]. Group 3: Implications - The patient-derived organoid model provides a powerful platform for studying the fetal-like characteristics of cancer cells and their roles in tumor progression and treatment resistance in colorectal cancer [11].