Core Points - The role and behavior of controlling shareholders during the IPO process on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange (HKEX) are strictly regulated to protect investor interests and ensure market fairness and transparency [2][3][4] Group 1: Definition and Lock-up Period - Controlling shareholders are defined as individuals or groups holding 30% or more of the voting rights or having significant influence over the issuer's board and business decisions [3][10] - A standard lock-up period requires controlling shareholders to refrain from selling their shares for at least 6 months post-IPO, with additional restrictions in the following 6 months to maintain their controlling status [3][10] Group 2: Reduction and Disclosure Restrictions - Controlling shareholders must comply with lock-up regulations and disclose any planned share reductions, ensuring no market disruption or insider trading occurs [3][10] - They have a fiduciary duty to act in the best interests of the company and minority shareholders, avoiding conflicts of interest and self-dealing [3][10] Group 3: Key Responsibilities and Governance - Controlling shareholders play a crucial role in leading the IPO decision-making process, including timing, structure, and use of raised funds [4][5] - They must ensure clear and compliant shareholding structures, avoiding any significant disputes or pledges that could affect control [11][12] Group 4: Compliance and Market Concerns - HKEX emphasizes the stability of control post-IPO, requiring disclosures regarding any potential competition or related party transactions [8][11] - Pre-IPO investors' special rights must be addressed to comply with HKEX regulations before the IPO [11][12]