前不久，"40岁后微胖才是长寿黄金体重"话题登上社交媒体热搜榜，引发广泛关注。不少网友在评 论区现身说法——"我外婆105岁，胖乎乎的，就没瘦过""我奶奶97岁，也是微胖"……当然，也有不少 质疑声，诸如"我姥姥活到93岁，一辈子又瘦又小"之类。 那么，中老年人的体重与长寿究竟有何关联？胖瘦是否是衡量中老年人健康与否的唯一标准？中老 年人又该如何科学管理体重？科技日报记者就此采访了相关领域专家，为读者答疑解惑。 BMI并非"金标准" 资料显示，身体质量指数（BMI）是衡量超重和肥胖的常用指标，计算方式为体重（千克）除以身 高（米）的平方。对于成年人而言，BMI在18.5至23.9之间为正常，在24至27.9之间为超重，大于等于 28则属于肥胖。 不过，这一标准可能并不完全适用于40岁以上的中老年人。 2025年8月，上海交通大学医学院团队在学术期刊《细胞报告医学》上刊发的一项研究给出了关键 数据支撑。该科研团队对16.6万名40岁以上的中国人开展了长达10年的随访，结果发现，BMI处于超重 范围的中老年人，反而更容易长寿。 上述研究进一步明确了长寿中老年人群的理想身体指标：男性BMI26.3、腰围88厘米、腰 ...

Core Viewpoint - Obesity is not just a physical issue but a significant health risk, linked to various chronic diseases and even irreversible brain damage [5][9]. Group 1: Obesity Statistics - Nearly 49% of China's population is facing overweight issues, making it the country with the largest number of obese individuals globally due to its vast population base [7]. - The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a critical measure for assessing obesity, with China's stricter standards categorizing a BMI of 24-27.9 as overweight and 28 or above as obese [8]. Group 2: Impact on Brain Health - A recent study indicates that being overweight can lead to accelerated brain aging, with individuals classified as obese experiencing brain aging equivalent to being 12 years older than their actual age [11][15]. - The study analyzed 1,074 adults aged 25-83 over 16 years, revealing that a cumulative BMI greater than 26.2 is associated with significant brain structure damage, including reduced gray matter volume and increased white matter lesions [11][12]. Group 3: Specific Findings on Brain Changes - For individuals under 45, a long-term BMI above 26.2 results in an average brain volume reduction of 17.9 milliliters, reflecting accelerated aging [16]. - Key areas affected include the frontal lobe, temporal lobe, and anterior cingulate cortex, which are crucial for memory, decision-making, and emotional regulation [13][17]. Group 4: Recommendations - The research emphasizes the importance of maintaining a healthy weight, particularly for younger individuals, to protect brain health and cognitive function [16][17]. - Preventive measures against obesity should start early, with a strict BMI control recommended for those under 45 to mitigate future cognitive decline [17].

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of balanced weight management and dietary health for children during the summer, highlighting the need for scientific and flexible approaches to avoid weight anxiety while monitoring significant weight fluctuations [1][2]. Group 1: Weight Management Guidelines - Experts recommend that parents record their child's weight weekly and measure height monthly, adjusting dietary and exercise plans if BMI changes exceed 5% over two weeks [2]. - The article introduces the "plate method" for healthy eating, suggesting that one-third of the plate should consist of grains and tubers, one-third of quality proteins, and one-third of vegetables, with deep-colored vegetables making up over 50% of the vegetable portion [2]. Group 2: BMI and Growth Monitoring - The article outlines the international standard for assessing children's weight using Body Mass Index (BMI), calculated as weight (kg) divided by height (m) squared, with specific BMI ranges indicating underweight, overweight, and obesity [1]. - It is noted that weight changes during the summer should not follow a fixed range but should consider factors like age, height growth, and body composition, particularly during puberty [1].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the health status of former President Donald Trump following his annual physical examination, indicating that he is in good health and capable of fulfilling presidential duties [1][2]. Group 1: Health Examination Results - Trump's physical examination took place at Walter Reed Medical Center, where results showed normal conditions for his heart, lungs, eyes, hearing, and abdomen, with slightly elevated blood pressure [2]. - The report indicates that Trump has lost 20 pounds since his last examination in 2020, now weighing 224 pounds (approximately 101.6 kg) and standing at 6 feet 3 inches (about 1.90 meters) tall, placing him in the "overweight" category according to BMI [2]. - Trump's cognitive abilities were assessed with a perfect score of 30 on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, indicating no cognitive impairment [5]. Group 2: Medical History and Lifestyle - Trump has undergone treatment for high cholesterol, skin damage, seasonal allergies, and diverticulitis, and has had cataract surgery and benign colon polyps [3]. - His lifestyle choices include a preference for fast food, ice cream, red meat, and soda, with an average sleep duration of about 5 hours per night [4]. - The report also notes a gunshot wound on Trump's right ear, a result of an assassination attempt during his campaign in Pennsylvania [6]. Group 3: Historical Context and Previous Reports - Trump's health reports have faced skepticism in the past, with previous doctors making optimistic claims about his health, including a statement that he would be "the healthiest person ever elected" if he became president [7]. - In 2020, a former White House physician admitted to misleading the public regarding Trump's COVID-19 condition, reflecting a pattern of optimistic reporting on his health [8].