那么，中老年人的体重与长寿究竟有何关联？胖瘦是否是衡量中老年人健康与否的唯一标准？中老年人 又该如何科学管理体重？科技日报记者就此采访了相关领域专家，为读者答疑解惑。 （来源：中国妇女网） 转自：中国妇女网 中老年人适度超重更长寿？ 前不久，"40岁后微胖才是长寿黄金体重"话题登上社交媒体热搜榜，引发广泛关注。不少网友在评论区 现身说法——"我外婆105岁，胖乎乎的，就没瘦过""我奶奶97岁，也是微胖"……当然，也有不少质疑 声，诸如"我姥姥活到93岁，一辈子又瘦又小"之类。 BMI并非"金标准" 资料显示，身体质量指数(BMI)是衡量超重和肥胖的常用指标，计算方式为体重(千克)除以身高(米)的平 方。对于成年人而言，BMI在18.5至23.9之间为正常，在24至27.9之间为超重，大于等于28则属于肥 胖。 不过，这一标准可能并不完全适用于40岁以上的中老年人。 2025年8月，上海交通大学医学院团队在学术期刊《细胞报告医学》上刊发的一项研究给出了关键数据 支撑。该科研团队对16.6万名40岁以上的中国人开展了长达10年的随访，结果发现，BMI处于超重范围 的中老年人，反而更容易长寿。 上述研究进一步明确了 ...

Core Viewpoint - The recent social media trend suggests that being slightly overweight after the age of 40 may be linked to longevity, sparking discussions on the relationship between weight and health in middle-aged and elderly individuals [1] Group 1: BMI and Longevity - The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a common measure for overweight and obesity, with normal BMI ranging from 18.5 to 23.9, overweight from 24 to 27.9, and obesity at 28 or above [2] - A study published in "Cell Reports Medicine" found that middle-aged individuals with a BMI in the overweight range are more likely to live longer, with ideal BMI figures for longevity being 26.3 for men and 25.4 for women [3][4] - The Chinese Dietary Guidelines recommend a BMI range of 20 to 26.9 for older adults, aligning with the findings that slightly higher BMI may be beneficial for energy reserves and immune resistance [3][4] Group 2: Importance of Muscle and Fat Ratio - Experts emphasize that managing the ratio of muscle to fat is crucial for the health of middle-aged and elderly individuals, as adequate fat reserves are essential for energy storage and organ protection [5] - Muscle mass is critical for overall health, influencing bodily functions and recovery from illness, with significant muscle loss expected as individuals age [5][6] - Maintaining sufficient muscle mass is likened to having a "strong ammunition depot" that aids in disease resistance and recovery [5] Group 3: Recommended Body Fat and Muscle Standards - Recommended body fat percentages for middle-aged individuals are approximately 25% for women and 20% for men, while older adults should aim for around 30% for women and 20% for men [7] - Muscle mass recommendations suggest that middle-aged women should have 20% to 30% skeletal muscle mass, while men should have 25% to 35% [7] Group 4: Diet and Exercise Recommendations - A balanced diet and regular exercise are essential for achieving the desired muscle-to-fat ratio, with recommendations for middle-aged individuals to limit carbohydrate intake and ensure adequate protein and vitamin D3 consumption [8][9] - Effective exercise should include resistance training and aerobic activities, with specific heart rate targets for optimal results [8][9] - The suggested exercise regimen includes three weekly sessions of resistance training and two sessions of aerobic exercise, emphasizing the importance of warming up before workouts [9]

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of body composition analysis over mere weight or BMI for determining the suitability of GLP-1 medications for weight management [4][10]. Group 1: Suitability of GLP-1 Medications - The use of GLP-1 medications should not be based solely on weight or BMI but should include body composition analysis as a critical decision-making factor [4][6]. - Rocio Salas-Whalen, a specialist in obesity medicine, highlights that weight loss can result from muscle loss, water reduction, or minimal fat changes, which do not necessarily indicate improved metabolic health [6][10]. - Body composition metrics, such as skeletal muscle content, body fat percentage, and visceral fat levels, are essential for assessing health risks [6][8]. Group 2: Health Indicators - Visceral fat is identified as a particularly dangerous indicator, associated with inflammation and metabolic diseases, while body fat percentage reflects overall fat burden [8][10]. - Salas-Whalen recommends that women maintain a body fat percentage below 28% and men below 20% for optimal health [8]. - Skeletal muscle is crucial for metabolic health, as it plays a significant role in glucose utilization and reducing insulin resistance [8][10]. Group 3: Treatment Goals and Recommendations - The goal of weight loss treatment should focus on body recomposition, aiming to reduce fat while preserving or increasing muscle mass [8][10]. - GLP-1 medications should not be prescribed indiscriminately and should be based on clear medical indications [10]. - The World Health Organization suggests GLP-1 medications for adults with a BMI of 30 or higher, but this does not imply universal applicability for all individuals [10].

Core Viewpoint - Weight is only one aspect of health assessment, and true health encompasses body fat, muscle, metabolic state, and personal comfort and vitality [1][2]. Group 1: Health Assessment Metrics - Body Mass Index (BMI) is a common preliminary health assessment tool calculated as weight (kg) divided by height (m) squared [2]. - The standard BMI classifications for adults in China are: Normal (18.5 ≤ BMI < 24), Overweight (24 ≤ BMI < 28), and Obesity (BMI ≥ 28) [3]. - BMI does not differentiate between fat and muscle, meaning individuals with high muscle mass may have a high BMI but be healthy, while those with a normal BMI may have excessive fat, particularly visceral fat, posing health risks [3]. Group 2: Visceral Fat and Health Risks - Excess visceral fat is linked to central obesity and is associated with metabolic disorders and increased cardiovascular disease risk, as highlighted in the latest guidelines from the National Health Commission [4]. - Waist circumference can be a simple self-assessment tool, with normal ranges being less than 85 cm for men and less than 80 cm for women; values of 90 cm or more for men and 85 cm or more for women indicate central obesity [5]. Group 3: Comprehensive Health Indicators - Body fat percentage is a more direct measure of body composition, with over 25% for men and 30% for women indicating excess body fat, which suggests potential health risks even if weight is normal [5]. - Common measurement methods include body fat scales and skinfold calipers, with recommendations for reliable body fat scales for home tracking [6]. Group 4: Strategies for Achieving Healthy Weight - Optimizing dietary structure is essential, focusing on balanced meals with quality proteins, complex carbohydrates, and sufficient fruits and vegetables while controlling added sugars and processed foods [7]. - Engaging in at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise weekly, along with 2-3 sessions of resistance training, can enhance muscle mass and boost metabolic rate [8]. - Attention to physiological and behavioral factors is crucial, including ensuring 7-9 hours of quality sleep, managing stress, and establishing sustainable habits rather than extreme short-term measures [8].

Group 1 - The article emphasizes that assessing weight health cannot rely solely on Body Mass Index (BMI), as individuals with a normal BMI may still have abnormal body fat percentage or waist circumference [1][2] - BMI is calculated by dividing weight (in kilograms) by height (in meters) squared, with a normal range for adults generally between 18.5 and 23.9 [1] - Body fat percentage is defined as the proportion of fat weight to total body weight, with normal ranges for adult males being 15% to 18% and for females being 25% to 28% [2] Group 2 - Waist circumference is a critical indicator of abdominal fat accumulation, with normal measurements being less than 85 cm for males and less than 80 cm for females [2] - An increased waist circumference (≥90 cm for males and ≥85 cm for females) can indicate central obesity, which is associated with various metabolic diseases [2] - The article describes a specific body type known as "apple-shaped obesity," characterized by a larger waist despite normal weight, which poses significant health risks [2]

Core Insights - The rising obesity rate among preschool children in China has become a significant public health issue, with projections indicating that by 2030, the overweight and obesity rate could reach 31.8% if not effectively addressed [1] - The average body fat percentage (BF%) among preschool children in China is 20.7%, with girls having a higher average (22.1%) compared to boys (19.2%) [3][4] - There are notable geographical and gender disparities in body fat percentage among preschool children, with urban children showing higher rates than rural counterparts [4][5] Group 1: Obesity Trends and Projections - The National Health Commission warns that without intervention, the obesity rate among children could reach 31.8% by 2030 [1] - The prevalence of overweight and obesity among preschool children has surpassed 10%, currently at 10.4% [1] Group 2: Body Fat Percentage Insights - Body fat percentage is a more accurate measure of obesity compared to BMI, particularly in predicting cardiovascular and metabolic risks [3] - The study found that there is no significant positive correlation between age and body fat percentage in the 3-6 age group [3] Group 3: Geographical Disparities - The highest body fat rates among preschool children are found in Heilongjiang (23.3%), Liaoning (23.0%), and Xinjiang (22.5%), while the lowest are in Hainan (18.4%), Guangdong (18.4%), and Guangxi (17.9%) [5] - A geographical pattern shows higher body fat rates in northern regions compared to southern regions, with significant differences observed along the Qinling-Huaihe line [4][5] Group 4: Environmental and Social Factors - Environmental factors, such as temperature and urban living conditions, contribute to the observed geographical differences in body fat percentage [5] - The study emphasizes the importance of recognizing the complex interplay of social and environmental factors in determining body fat levels among preschool children [5]

Core Insights - The article emphasizes the urgent need for weight management in China, highlighting that if not effectively addressed, the obesity rates among adults and children could reach 70.5% and 31.8% respectively by 2030 [1] Group 1: Obesity and Health Risks - Obesity is defined as excessive fat accumulation that negatively impacts health, with a Body Mass Index (BMI) over 28 indicating obesity [2] - Central obesity, indicated by waist circumference (≥90 cm for men and ≥85 cm for women), is more closely associated with metabolic disorders and health risks than BMI alone [2][5] - Obesity can lead to various diseases, including metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and psychological issues, necessitating a comprehensive approach to weight management [3] Group 2: Weight Management Strategies - A systematic assessment is recommended for obesity patients, including investigations into causes, physical examinations, and screening for related diseases [3] - Patients should receive guidance on nutrition, exercise, and psychological support as part of their weight management plan [3] - The target for weight loss is individualized, with a recommendation of a 5%-15% reduction in weight over 3-6 months, followed by maintenance [3] Group 3: Assessment Methods - The most common method for assessing obesity is BMI, with a normal range of 18.5-23.9, overweight at 24-27.9, and obesity at 28 or above [4] - Waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio are also important metrics for assessing central obesity, which poses greater health risks [5] - Advanced methods like body composition analysis and imaging techniques can provide more precise assessments of fat distribution [6] Group 4: Lifestyle and Behavioral Changes - For individuals who are overweight but not obese, a combination of aerobic and resistance training is recommended, with a focus on moderate-intensity activities [7] - Daily physical activity, such as walking 8000-10000 steps, should be integrated into routines, along with resistance training [7] - Effective weight management requires lifestyle adjustments, including dietary changes and improved sleep quality, to regulate appetite and metabolism [10][11]