Core Insights - The retail pharmacy industry in China has experienced rapid growth over the past 15 years, with the number of pharmacies increasing from 381,400 in 2009 to over 680,000 by the end of 2024, indicating a significant market expansion [1] - However, the industry is now facing a slowdown, with approximately 39,000 retail pharmacies closing in 2024, marking the first negative growth in the number of pharmacies [1][2] - Major pharmacy chains are signaling a halt in expansion plans, with companies like Lao Bai Xing planning to open only 1,000 new stores in 2025, primarily through franchising [2] Industry Trends - The pharmacy sector is witnessing a shift from aggressive expansion to a focus on survival, with many operators now discussing strategies to minimize losses rather than pursue growth [5][9] - The average profit margin for leading pharmacy companies has drastically decreased to between 1% and 3%, leading to a significant number of closures [9][10] - The industry is expected to see a further decline in the number of pharmacies, with estimates suggesting a reduction to around 400,000 pharmacies in the next three to five years [7][9] Market Dynamics - The influx of online platforms has severely impacted the profitability of brick-and-mortar pharmacies, with many pharmacies forced to sell products at a loss to compete [7][8] - The previous trend of acquiring pharmacies at high prices has created a bubble, making it difficult for companies to divest or sell stores profitably [4][7] - The industry is transitioning from a phase of broad growth driven by scale to a more structural growth phase, requiring adjustments to the oversaturated market [10][11]