Core Insights - The 2025 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to three scientists for their pioneering contributions in the field of Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs), which are highly ordered porous crystalline materials that combine metal ions and organic molecules [4] Group 1: Characteristics of MOFs - MOFs are crystalline porous materials formed by the self-assembly of metal centers and organic ligands, characterized by high porosity, large specific surface area, and high thermal and chemical stability [5] - The design of MOFs allows for precise construction at the atomic and molecular scale, enabling the creation of materials with specific topological structures and chemical environments [5] Group 2: Applications of MOFs - MOFs have a wide range of applications, including gas storage and separation, where their high porosity makes them ideal for storing hydrogen and methane, as well as for carbon capture [6] - In the field of catalysis, MOFs can serve as catalysts, with their metal nodes or organic ligands acting as active centers [6] - MOFs can be utilized in energy storage and conversion, functioning as electrode materials to enhance battery performance and safety [6] - Their biocompatibility and high drug loading capacity make MOFs suitable for drug delivery systems [7] - Additional applications include chemical sensing, water purification, and environmental remediation [7]

Core Viewpoint - The awarding of the 2025 Nobel Prize in Chemistry to Susumu Kitagawa, Richard Robson, and Omar M. Yaghi for their development of Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) signifies a major recognition for the new materials sector, potentially accelerating the industrialization of MOFs [2] Group 1: MOFs Overview - MOFs, or Metal-Organic Frameworks, are porous compounds formed by metal ions or clusters and organic ligands, exhibiting unique structural properties and high application potential [3][5] - Since their inception in the 1990s, over 100,000 types of MOFs have been synthesized, although naming conventions vary across research teams [5] Group 2: Structural Characteristics and Advantages - MOFs possess a highly porous structure with porosity exceeding 90%, allowing for significant molecular adsorption capabilities, making them suitable for applications in gas separation, catalysis, and drug delivery [8] - The structural tunability of MOFs enables customization of properties such as porosity and crystallinity through formulation adjustments, enhancing their functional applications [9] Group 3: Synthesis Methods - Various synthesis methods for MOFs have been developed, including mechanochemical, hydrothermal, and spray-drying methods, with mechanochemical and spray-drying methods showing the most promise for large-scale production [10][12] Group 4: Applications of MOFs - MOFs are widely used in gas storage, separation, and adsorption due to their tunable pore sizes, making them ideal for capturing gases like hydrogen and carbon dioxide [15][16] - They can also serve as electrode materials and battery separators, enhancing the performance of energy storage devices like lithium-ion and lithium-sulfur batteries [18] - MOFs have applications in water purification and recovery, demonstrating high adsorption capacities for dissolved metal ions and enabling water extraction from air in arid regions [20] - Additionally, MOFs are utilized in drug delivery systems and as sensors, benefiting from their high surface area and tunable structures for targeted therapeutic applications [21]