这些内卷行为看似给金融消费者带来了"福利"，实则严重挤压了银行的盈利空间，危及行业健康发展。 更为严重的是，内卷容易滋生违规操作风险。个别银行为抢占市场份额，可能放松风险审核，这不仅会 增加银行的坏账风险，还可能引发逆向选择，进一步加剧恶性竞争，给行业长期发展埋下隐患。此外， 银行业内卷导致的市场信号失真，还会对宏观经济调控形成制约。 追根溯源，银行内卷的根源在于产品与服务同质化严重，差异化创新能力不足。笔者认为，银行业要 从"赔本赚吆喝"转向"提质谋生存"，破局内卷的关键在于找到可持续发展之路。 首先，各家银行需基于自身资源禀赋调整业务结构，积极探索差异化发展。例如，大型银行可凭借规模 和技术优势，聚焦国家重大战略领域、战略性新兴产业等，同时依托网络优势打造跨境特色业务；中小 银行则应扎根本土，深耕区域特色产业，做好本地小微企业、"三农"等群体的服务。以服务能力替代利 率比拼，不仅有助于形成多层次、广覆盖、有差异的金融机构体系，还能在实现金融资源精准配置的同 时，保障银行自身的稳健运营。 其次，挖掘客户潜在需求、拓展非息收入，这些举措有助于银行实现多元化发展、增强抗风险能力，对 缓解内卷具有重要意义。 自去 ...

Core Viewpoint - The banking industry is facing significant challenges due to "involution" competition, which has been exacerbated by a low interest rate environment and a lack of differentiation in products and services [1][3]. Group 1: Involution Competition in Banking - The Guangdong Banking Association has initiated a comprehensive rectification of "involution" competition, implementing a "1+3+N" system to address the issue [1]. - The "1" refers to a negative list for involution competition issued by regulatory authorities, "3" includes self-regulatory agreements and initiatives from the association, and "N" encompasses various self-regulatory measures across different business areas [1]. - Similar actions have been observed in other regions, such as the Ningxia Banking Association organizing discussions on the state of involution competition [1]. Group 2: Impact on Deposit and Loan Rates - On the deposit side, banks are struggling with a "cannot lower" interest rate situation, leading to practices like "high-interest deposits" and "buying indicators" to meet performance targets [2]. - Some banks are engaging in practices to artificially maintain higher effective interest rates, such as manual interest compensation and offering rates significantly above market levels [2]. - On the loan side, there is a notable trend of rapidly declining interest rates, with some banks offering loans at rates below the yield of government bonds, particularly for large enterprises [2]. Group 3: Consequences of Involution - The involution behaviors, while seemingly beneficial to consumers, are severely squeezing banks' profit margins and threatening the healthy development of the industry [3]. - There is an increased risk of regulatory violations as banks may relax risk assessments to gain market share, leading to higher bad debt risks and adverse selection [3]. - The distortion of market signals due to involution can also hinder macroeconomic regulation efforts [3]. Group 4: Recommendations for Sustainable Development - The banking industry needs to shift from "losing money for visibility" to "quality-driven survival," focusing on sustainable development paths [3]. - Banks should adjust their business structures based on their resource endowments and explore differentiated development strategies [3]. - Enhancing service capabilities instead of competing solely on interest rates can help create a multi-layered and diverse financial institution system [3]. - Banks should also explore potential customer needs and diversify income sources to strengthen their risk resilience [3]. - Internally, banks should establish reasonable incentive mechanisms and performance evaluation systems to reduce short-term, volume-driven behaviors [4].