Group 1 - The article discusses the phenomenon of "involution" in education, particularly in China, where competition for academic success has reached extreme levels, affecting both children and their parents [1][2] - It highlights that parental involvement is not only about financial investment but also about knowledge, perspective, and time spent with children, which is a common issue in competitive societies like the United States [2][3] - The concept of "educational capital" is introduced, which encompasses economic, cultural, and social capital, influencing children's educational outcomes and future social status [4][5] Group 2 - The book "Parental Disparity" emphasizes that a child's future is increasingly determined by their parents' resources and aspirations rather than their own efforts, reflecting a shift from meritocracy to a system where family background plays a crucial role [5][6] - The narrative includes contrasting stories of two children from different socioeconomic backgrounds in Japan, illustrating how family circumstances shape educational opportunities and aspirations [6][7] - The article notes that the trend of prioritizing private education over public schooling in Japan has led to a widening gap in educational quality and access, reinforcing social stratification [8][9] Group 3 - The concept of "double-peaked" learning ability distribution is introduced, indicating that children's learning capabilities are closely tied to their family backgrounds, with affluent families producing more successful students [9][10] - The article discusses the societal implications of this educational disparity, suggesting that the pursuit of elite status creates a competitive environment that ultimately benefits only a small fraction of students while leaving many behind [10][11] - It concludes that the entrenched nature of parental influence in education perpetuates social inequalities, making it difficult for individuals from lower socioeconomic backgrounds to change their circumstances [11][12]

手握2亿韩元的购房者仿佛置身于一场荒诞的生存游戏中——这笔折合人民币约105万元的资金，在首尔只能换来一张挤进"鸽子笼"的入场券，却在济州岛足 以实现面朝大海的终极居住理想。这场冰火两重天的楼市分化，早已超越单纯的经济现象，成为透视韩国社会深层矛盾的棱镜。 首尔房地产市场宛如一台高速运转的绞肉机，吞噬着普通人的财富与尊严。江南区32平方米的公寓标价1.8亿韩元看似触底，实则暗藏玄机：20年房龄的老 旧管线、每月高达280万韩元的月供、动辄10%的隐形税费，让这笔交易更像是一场精心设计的债务陷阱。更令人窒息的是，即便选择全租模式缴纳相当于 房价90%的押金，仍有高达60%的概率因房东资金链断裂血本无归。首尔的房产早已异化成阶级晋升的投名状，顶级学区房与普通住宅的价差突破10倍，富 人区的咖啡厅里谈论着不动产证券化新玩法，而普通上班族在通勤地铁上计算着不吃不喝15年才能攒够首付的绝望公式。 楼市冰火图的另一面，是韩国社会难以愈合的精神创伤。高达89.7%的国民将房产与人生价值强行捆绑，这种集体无意识催生出"三抛世代"的极端反抗—— 年轻人用放弃婚育、逃离都市、低欲望生存来对抗房产焦虑。首尔某中介橱窗里暴跌50%的 ...