《20世纪的战争与纪念》，[美] 杰伊·温特 / [以] 伊曼纽尔·希文编，吴霞译，译林出版社，2025年10月版，332 页，78.00元 杰伊·温特（Jay Winter）、伊曼纽尔·希文（Emmanuel Sivan）主编的《20世纪的战争与纪念》（War and Remembrance in the Twentieth Century， Edited by Jay Winter，Emmanuel Sivan，2000；吴霞译，译林出版社， 2025年10月）是一部以二十世纪战争与集体纪念为主题的历史研究文集，汇集相关领域杰出学者的论文，聚焦于 战争引发的私人记忆、集体记忆与公共的集体纪念行为等深层历史议题。在二十一世纪已经过去二十五年的今 天，区域性的战争苦难与全球化的战争危机笼罩着整个世界，这部关于应该如何铭记战争的著作有着出乎意料的 学术价值和现实意义。 温特和希文在该书"引言"中谈到了"社会能动性""集体记忆""集体纪念""受害者身份"等流行沿用已久但是实际上仍 然存在许多模糊、争议之处的概念性问题。作者指出："记忆""集体记忆"等术语如此频繁且随意地出现，以致读 者可能会有一种印象：学界已经对 ...

Core Viewpoint - The video released by "Lue Kuaipao Travel Agency," a subsidiary of Yiche, showcasing the restoration of a historical landmark in the Gobi Desert has sparked widespread public interest, with millions of views and likes across various platforms, highlighting a strong emotional resonance with the community [1][11]. Group 1: Historical Significance - The five giant characters "Serve the People" in the Gobi Desert are not just ordinary slogans but are considered revolutionary relics from the 1960s, serving as a flight navigation landmark for the Air Force [1][3]. - These characters were created by Air Force pilots using rudimentary tools to guide their navigation in an area lacking distinct geographical features [3]. Group 2: Restoration Efforts - The landmark has endured natural erosion over the years but has suffered from human damage, with visible ruts and marks left by off-road vehicles [5]. - A team led by an editor from Yiche initiated a restoration project, carefully sourcing matching stones to ensure the repairs were non-destructive and harmonious with the original landscape [7][9]. - The restoration process involved transporting 20 tons of stone from a nearby railway to the site, with the team working for a week to fill in the damage [9]. Group 3: Community Engagement - The release of the restoration video ignited a wave of online support, with many viewers expressing their appreciation for the historical significance of the landmark and the efforts to preserve it [11]. - The restoration symbolizes a connection between past military efforts and present-day community actions, reinforcing the collective memory and values associated with the phrase "Serve the People" [11]. Group 4: Documentation and Impact - After the restoration was completed, the team coordinated with Changguang Satellite to capture the landmark from space, providing a poignant visual comparison of the site before and after restoration [12].

Core Perspective - The article discusses the significance of the Panthéon in Paris, emphasizing its role in representing French values of knowledge and truth, while also highlighting the ongoing debates about the nature of greatness and the representation of historical figures in French society [1][6][7]. Group 1: Historical Context and Significance - The Panthéon, built in 1791, serves as the burial site for notable figures such as Voltaire, Rousseau, and Victor Hugo, symbolizing France's respect for intellectuals over political power [2][6]. - The concept of "greatness" as defined by the Panthéon reflects a French tendency to separate political figures from the notion of greatness, suggesting a cultural detachment from authority [6][7]. Group 2: Collective Memory and Identity - The article explores how collective memory in France is shaped by historical narratives, with the Panthéon representing a space where various interpretations of greatness coexist, reflecting the complexities of French identity [8][9][10]. - Pierre Nora's concept of "lieux de mémoire" (sites of memory) is introduced, emphasizing the interplay between memory and history in shaping national consciousness, with the Panthéon as a key example [11][14]. Group 3: Political and Cultural Implications - The article notes that the Panthéon has been a site of contention, where figures like Marat were both honored and later removed, illustrating the dynamic nature of French historical memory [7][18]. - The discussion includes how the French Revolution's legacy is debated, with the national holiday of July 14th representing a contested memory rather than a unified historical narrative [20][21]. Group 4: Modern Reflections on Memory - The article highlights the shift from a singular historical narrative to a more fragmented understanding of memory, where individual experiences and interpretations play a crucial role in shaping collective identity [24][25]. - Nora's perspective suggests that personal memory has become increasingly important, challenging traditional historical narratives and emphasizing the subjective nature of remembering [25][26].

Core Viewpoint - The novel "Bailu Chunfen" by author Liao Jing has been recognized as the "Young Novelist of the Year" by the 2024 Knife Edge Book Award Committee, highlighting the author's unique storytelling that reflects the complexities of modern family life and societal changes in China [1] Summary by Relevant Sections Literary Themes - "Bailu Chunfen" intricately weaves the aging trajectory of the character Xiumei with the life choices of intergenerational women, creating a dense emotional network amidst the pains of societal transformation [1] - The narrative avoids nostalgia, instead delving into sharp realities, reflecting the dislocation of traditional values in modern society [1][5] Character Perspectives - The character Xiumei embodies traditional values, while her granddaughters, Jiayuan and Jiayue, represent modernity and the struggle to balance personal aspirations with familial expectations [6][7] - The novel explores the generational conflict and emotional distance that drives the plot, emphasizing the complexity of female experiences and societal roles [7] Narrative Structure - Liao Jing employs a non-linear narrative style, presenting fragmented memories and experiences that resonate with the emotional states of the characters, creating a "memory map" within the literary framework [8] - The storytelling is characterized by everyday moments and emotions, capturing the essence of seemingly trivial experiences that hold significant weight in the narrative [8] Societal Reflection - The work serves as a reflection of the collective memory of Chinese family life, addressing the challenges of aging and the dissolution of traditional family structures in contemporary society [12][10] - Liao Jing's writing is rooted in personal experiences, transforming individual emotions into broader societal commentary, particularly regarding the complexities of modern familial relationships [11][12] Author's Perspective - Liao Jing emphasizes the importance of detailed storytelling over simplistic narratives, aiming to portray the nuanced experiences of her characters without resorting to melodrama [14] - The author believes that literature should continuously explore new boundaries and perspectives, reflecting the evolving nature of human experiences [18][19]