Core Viewpoint - The deployment of the first hydrological rain measurement radar system on the Yangtze River marks a significant enhancement in rainwater monitoring and forecasting capabilities for major water conservancy infrastructure in China [1][3]. Group 1: Technological Advancements - Traditional rain measurement methods using rain gauges are limited to recording precipitation that has reached the ground, which can be influenced by environmental factors and has a low resolution [3]. - The new generation rain measurement radar system overcomes the limitations of ground-based rain gauges by providing a comprehensive three-dimensional scan of liquid water in the atmosphere, allowing for detailed monitoring and forecasting of rainfall over an area of approximately 13,000 square kilometers around the Three Gorges Dam [3]. Group 2: Implementation and Future Plans - The first hydrological rain measurement radar system on the Yangtze River is scheduled to officially enter operation by the end of 2026, with a focus on data quality control, platform functionality enhancement, and intelligent application development [4]. - The Ministry of Water Resources is accelerating the construction of a three-tiered rainwater monitoring and forecasting system during the 14th Five-Year Plan period, with the Three Gorges Project being a key pilot for the first tier of radar construction and application [3][4]. Group 3: Monitoring and Forecasting System - The three-tiered rainwater monitoring and forecasting system consists of meteorological satellites, rain measurement radars, rain gauges, hydrological stations, and forecasting models [5]. - The first tier focuses on monitoring and forecasting "cloud rain" to extend short-term rainfall prediction periods, while the second tier aims to improve the accuracy of "ground rain" forecasts and warnings [5].

Core Viewpoint - The first set of hydrological rain measurement radar systems along the Yangtze River has been successfully deployed, enhancing the rainwater monitoring and forecasting capabilities of the Three Gorges Project [1] Group 1: System Deployment and Functionality - The new radar system overcomes the limitations of traditional rain gauges, which are affected by environmental factors and have restricted monitoring ranges [1] - The radar system provides a comprehensive three-dimensional scan of liquid water in the near-surface atmosphere, improving rainfall monitoring from a "point" to a "surface" perspective [1] - It enables precise monitoring and forecasting of rainfall over an area of approximately 13,000 square kilometers near the Three Gorges Dam [1] Group 2: Impact and Future Plans - The system is designed to effectively warn against extreme rainfall events, contributing to the safe operation of the Three Gorges Project and flood prevention efforts along the Yangtze River [1] - As part of the "14th Five-Year Plan," the Ministry of Water Resources is accelerating the establishment of a three-tiered rainwater monitoring and forecasting system, with the Three Gorges Project being a key pilot project [1] - The radar system is expected to enter formal operation by the end of 2026, with ongoing efforts to enhance data quality control, platform functionality, and intelligent applications [1]

Core Insights - The flood situation in Zhejiang Province during the statutory flood season has been effectively managed, with significant data released by the Zhejiang Provincial Water Resources Department [1][2] Group 1: Rainfall and Flood Management - The Meiyu period in Zhejiang lasted from June 7 to June 30, with rainfall measuring 286.2 millimeters, approximately 20% less than the average [1] - The province's large and medium-sized reservoirs increased storage by 4.2 billion cubic meters, which is 2.04 billion cubic meters more than the same period last year [1] Group 2: Typhoon Impact and Response - Four typhoons affected Zhejiang during the flood season, with Typhoons "Danas" and "Bamboo Grass" making rare landfalls in the region [1] - Despite the high risk of regional flooding and typhoon impacts, public perception of the severity of the storms was low, attributed to effective water management responses [1] Group 3: Flood Forecasting and Early Warning Systems - The Zhejiang Provincial Water Resources Department initiated flood prevention measures 15 days ahead of the flood season, issuing over 14,000 flood forecasts and 267 flood warnings [2] - A comprehensive flood forecasting and warning system has been established, significantly reducing the time for mountain flood warnings from 30 minutes to 15 minutes [2]

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the urgent need to enhance flood prevention and control measures in China due to the increasing frequency and intensity of extreme rainfall events driven by global climate change [1][2]. Group 1: Flood Prevention Strategies - The establishment of a modern rainwater monitoring and forecasting system is crucial, transitioning from monitoring "ground rain" to "cloud rain" and improving flood prediction accuracy and lead time [1]. - The first line of defense focuses on monitoring "cloud rain," advocating for the development of advanced rainfall radar systems and short-term precipitation forecasting models to enhance flood prediction capabilities [1]. - The second line of defense aims to improve "ground rain" monitoring by increasing the density of rain gauge stations in flood-prone areas and utilizing high-resolution geographical data for better flood forecasting [2]. Group 2: Flood Evolution Monitoring - The third line of defense involves monitoring the evolution of floods, recommending the optimization of hydrological station networks and modernization of measurement techniques to ensure reliable data for flood modeling [2]. - The article suggests implementing a modernized flood control engineering system, including the reinforcement of dangerous reservoirs and the construction of smart dams to enhance digital and intelligent management of water resources [2]. Group 3: Infrastructure and Management Enhancements - There is a call for improving the construction standards of critical levees and enhancing safety monitoring systems, alongside the management of flood retention areas through digital twin technology [2].