Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the urgent need to enhance flood prevention and control measures in China due to the increasing frequency and intensity of extreme rainfall events driven by global climate change [1][2]. Group 1: Flood Prevention Strategies - The establishment of a modern rainwater monitoring and forecasting system is crucial, transitioning from monitoring "ground rain" to "cloud rain" and improving flood prediction accuracy and lead time [1]. - The first line of defense focuses on monitoring "cloud rain," advocating for the development of advanced rainfall radar systems and short-term precipitation forecasting models to enhance flood prediction capabilities [1]. - The second line of defense aims to improve "ground rain" monitoring by increasing the density of rain gauge stations in flood-prone areas and utilizing high-resolution geographical data for better flood forecasting [2]. Group 2: Flood Evolution Monitoring - The third line of defense involves monitoring the evolution of floods, recommending the optimization of hydrological station networks and modernization of measurement techniques to ensure reliable data for flood modeling [2]. - The article suggests implementing a modernized flood control engineering system, including the reinforcement of dangerous reservoirs and the construction of smart dams to enhance digital and intelligent management of water resources [2]. Group 3: Infrastructure and Management Enhancements - There is a call for improving the construction standards of critical levees and enhancing safety monitoring systems, alongside the management of flood retention areas through digital twin technology [2].