给了丹尼索瓦人一张"脸" 付巧妹研究员介绍说，丹尼索瓦人发现以来，此前研究将来源于西伯利亚丹尼索瓦洞穴、中国青藏高原 白石崖溶洞以及台湾澎湖海域等遗址点出土的牙齿、不完整下颌骨及骨骼碎片归属于丹尼索瓦人群，暗 示他们可能曾广泛分布在亚洲地区。 然而，现有的丹尼索瓦人遗骸都较为残破，缺乏同时具备完整形态特征和确凿分子证据的化石标本，严 重阻碍了对该人群形态、分布及其在东亚古人类演化中作用的认知。因此，"在遗传意义上对现今东亚 和大洋洲人群有贡献的古老型人类丹尼索瓦人是谁"，成为其发现15年来最重要的国际难题之一。 通过铀系测年，河北地质大学收藏的哈尔滨古人类头骨化石距今至少14.6万年，季强教授等2021年将其 正式命名为一个新的人种即"龙人"，形态学研究揭示"龙人"与青藏高原白石崖溶洞的丹尼索瓦下颌骨存 在显著相似性，暗示其可能同属于丹尼索瓦人。最新的古蛋白质组和古DNA研究，则为"龙人"化石的 群体归属和丹尼索瓦人群的较完整形态与遗传谱系提供了关键线索。 近乎完整头骨牙结石中的丹尼索瓦人线粒体DNA的演化图。中国科学院古脊椎所 供图 来源：中国新闻网 中新网北京6月18日电 (记者 孙自法)2010年基于遗 ...

编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 1933 年， 哈尔滨 的一位建筑工人发现了一枚 古人类头骨化石 ，他意识到头骨的不同寻常，没有将其交 给彼时占据东北的日本侵略者。而是将头骨带回家，藏匿在一口废弃的井里，直至临终他才向家人吐露这 个秘密。2018 年，这枚保存完整的头骨化石重见天日，发现者的家人将其捐赠到了 河北地质大学地球科 学博物馆。 这个头骨化石是迄今为止发现的最完整的古人类化石之一，也是已知的最大的人属头骨化石，铀系测年认 定其不晚于 14.6 万年 。 2021 年 6 月， 河北地质大学 、 中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所的研究人员在 The Innovation 期 刊 连发 3 篇论文，认为 这枚头骨代表了一个全新的古人类支系 ，并将其命名为： " 龙人 " （ Homo longi ） 。 然而，学术界对于将龙人确定为一个 全新的古人类支系存在争议， 形态学研究揭示，其与青藏高原白石崖 溶洞的丹尼索瓦人下颌骨存在显著相似性，因此，一些古人类学着认为，龙人可能属于 丹尼索瓦人 ，但这 一观点缺乏直接的古 DNA 或古蛋白证据。 丹尼索瓦人 是一支基于遗传学信息发现的神秘的 已灭绝古人类群体 ， ...

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