1. Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. 2. Core View of the Report - The 50 - year treasury bond has performed well recently, with the spread between 50 - year and 30 - year treasury bonds continuously narrowing. The current 50 - 30 year treasury bond spread is at a neutral level, with limited room for further compression and limited adjustment pressure [1][4]. 3. Summary by Related Contents 3.1 Performance of 50 - year Treasury Bonds - The 50 - year treasury bond has become an increasingly important trading variety in the low - coupon period. The spread between 50 - year and 30 - year treasury bonds decreased from 15.6bps on June 16th to 8.4bps on July 4th, a cumulative decrease of 7.2bps, and is now below the 2023 average. The current stock of 50 - year treasury bonds has reached 1.3 trillion, making it a significant investment variety [1][7]. 3.2 Factors Affecting the 50 - 30 Year Treasury Bond Spread - **Fundamentals**: Fundamental indicators such as PMI, CPI, and PPI have no significant correlation with the 50 - 30 year treasury bond spread in recent years, indicating that fundamentals have little explanatory power for this spread, which mainly reflects asset attribute differences [1][10]. - **Turnover Rate**: Since 2023, the turnover rate of ultra - long bonds has increased significantly. In June this year, the monthly turnover rate of 50 - year treasury bonds reached 7.5%, exceeding that of 30 - year treasury bonds. There is a certain correlation between the difference in turnover rates of 50 - year and 30 - year treasury bonds and the 50 - 30 year treasury bond spread. As the liquidity of 50 - year treasury bonds improves, the liquidity premium decreases, leading to a trend compression of the spread [2][12]. - **Stock Market Risk Preference**: The risk preference reflected by the stock market has a certain positive correlation with the 50 - 30 year treasury bond spread. Historically, the spread between 50 - year and 30 - year treasury bonds has a certain positive correlation with the Wind All - A Index, suggesting that 30 - year treasury bonds can better represent market risk preference. However, it remains to be seen whether this relationship will change as the liquidity of 50 - year treasury bonds improves [2][16]. - **Funding Price and Bond Supply**: There is a certain negative correlation between the 50 - 30 year treasury bond spread and R007, indicating that the funding price has an impact on the curve slope, but the overall correlation is not significant. The net financing of 50 - year and 30 - year treasury bonds and their difference have a weak correlation with the 50 - 30 year treasury bond spread, but they have had a strong impact on the spread since last year [3][18]. 3.3 Quantitative Pricing Model - A quantitative pricing model was constructed using the monthly average of R007, the monthly net financing difference between 50 - year and 30 - year treasury bonds, the monthly average turnover rate difference between 30 - year and 50 - year treasury bonds, and the Wind All - A Index as explanatory variables to explain the 50 - 30 year treasury bond spread. The regression results show that the model has relatively strong explanatory power, and all four variables can strongly explain the ultra - long bond term spread [3][20]. 3.4 Current Situation and Outlook of the 50 - 30 Year Treasury Bond Spread - The June fitting value of the 50 - 30 year treasury bond spread was 4.9bp, slightly lower than the current 8.4bps. Assuming that the turnover rates of 50 - year and 30 - year treasury bonds are at the average of the past two months, R007 is at 1.5%, the stock index remains at the current level, and net financing is calculated according to the bond issuance plan, the fitting value of the 50 - 30 year treasury bond spread in the next few months will be around 7.4bps, close to the current spread. Therefore, the current 50 - 30 year spread is at a neutral level, with limited room for further compression and limited adjustment risk in a context of continuous liquidity easing and active trading of 50 - year treasury bonds [4][23].