Core Insights - The current bond market is experiencing a bottom consolidation for 5-year and 10-year government bonds, while the ultra-long end is still in the process of clearing last chips, leading to a lag in stabilization for the ultra-long end compared to the medium and short ends. Investors are advised to strategically position in 5-10 year mid-long term varieties while waiting for signals of redemption disturbances to ease and risk appetite to decline [1][2][32] Historical Context - Historical instances of "medium-short end stabilizing first, ultra-long end lagging in decline" provide insights into the current bond market. Notable periods include September 2013 during the "money shortage," May 2020 at the onset of "bond bull to bear," and November 2022 during the "redemption wave" [1][2][9] Market Dynamics - The core driving forces behind the current market dynamics can be summarized as: "short end driven by liquidity, long end driven by supply, and ultra-long end driven by the last chips." The market since August 2025 is replicating this script, with the "chips" now being influenced by new fund fee regulations and cautious sentiment under rising risk appetite [2][32] Investment Strategy - Investors are encouraged to focus on the 5-10 year mid-long term bonds as the ultra-long end continues to clear out last chips. The recommendation is to wait for signs of easing redemption disturbances and a decline in risk appetite before making significant moves [1][2][32]

1. Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. 2. Core View of the Report - The 50 - year treasury bond has performed well recently, with the spread between 50 - year and 30 - year treasury bonds continuously narrowing. The current 50 - 30 year treasury bond spread is at a neutral level, with limited room for further compression and limited adjustment pressure [1][4]. 3. Summary by Related Contents 3.1 Performance of 50 - year Treasury Bonds - The 50 - year treasury bond has become an increasingly important trading variety in the low - coupon period. The spread between 50 - year and 30 - year treasury bonds decreased from 15.6bps on June 16th to 8.4bps on July 4th, a cumulative decrease of 7.2bps, and is now below the 2023 average. The current stock of 50 - year treasury bonds has reached 1.3 trillion, making it a significant investment variety [1][7]. 3.2 Factors Affecting the 50 - 30 Year Treasury Bond Spread - **Fundamentals**: Fundamental indicators such as PMI, CPI, and PPI have no significant correlation with the 50 - 30 year treasury bond spread in recent years, indicating that fundamentals have little explanatory power for this spread, which mainly reflects asset attribute differences [1][10]. - **Turnover Rate**: Since 2023, the turnover rate of ultra - long bonds has increased significantly. In June this year, the monthly turnover rate of 50 - year treasury bonds reached 7.5%, exceeding that of 30 - year treasury bonds. There is a certain correlation between the difference in turnover rates of 50 - year and 30 - year treasury bonds and the 50 - 30 year treasury bond spread. As the liquidity of 50 - year treasury bonds improves, the liquidity premium decreases, leading to a trend compression of the spread [2][12]. - **Stock Market Risk Preference**: The risk preference reflected by the stock market has a certain positive correlation with the 50 - 30 year treasury bond spread. Historically, the spread between 50 - year and 30 - year treasury bonds has a certain positive correlation with the Wind All - A Index, suggesting that 30 - year treasury bonds can better represent market risk preference. However, it remains to be seen whether this relationship will change as the liquidity of 50 - year treasury bonds improves [2][16]. - **Funding Price and Bond Supply**: There is a certain negative correlation between the 50 - 30 year treasury bond spread and R007, indicating that the funding price has an impact on the curve slope, but the overall correlation is not significant. The net financing of 50 - year and 30 - year treasury bonds and their difference have a weak correlation with the 50 - 30 year treasury bond spread, but they have had a strong impact on the spread since last year [3][18]. 3.3 Quantitative Pricing Model - A quantitative pricing model was constructed using the monthly average of R007, the monthly net financing difference between 50 - year and 30 - year treasury bonds, the monthly average turnover rate difference between 30 - year and 50 - year treasury bonds, and the Wind All - A Index as explanatory variables to explain the 50 - 30 year treasury bond spread. The regression results show that the model has relatively strong explanatory power, and all four variables can strongly explain the ultra - long bond term spread [3][20]. 3.4 Current Situation and Outlook of the 50 - 30 Year Treasury Bond Spread - The June fitting value of the 50 - 30 year treasury bond spread was 4.9bp, slightly lower than the current 8.4bps. Assuming that the turnover rates of 50 - year and 30 - year treasury bonds are at the average of the past two months, R007 is at 1.5%, the stock index remains at the current level, and net financing is calculated according to the bond issuance plan, the fitting value of the 50 - 30 year treasury bond spread in the next few months will be around 7.4bps, close to the current spread. Therefore, the current 50 - 30 year spread is at a neutral level, with limited room for further compression and limited adjustment risk in a context of continuous liquidity easing and active trading of 50 - year treasury bonds [4][23].

Group 1: Report's Industry Investment Rating - No information provided in the content Group 2: Core Viewpoints - After crossing the quarter - end, the funding situation returned to ease, overnight interest rates continued to decline to 1.3%, the central bank did not initiate treasury bond transactions in June, and the PMI continued to rise slightly. The bond market resumed its upward trend, with ultra - long bonds rising slightly. The trading activity of ultra - long bonds decreased slightly last week but remained quite active. The term spread of ultra - long bonds widened, and the variety spread narrowed. Considering the economic data, although the economy showed resilience in May, there are still downward pressures. After the half - year mark, the funding rate declined again, and the probability of the bond market rising is greater. However, the term spread of 30 - year treasury bonds and the variety spread of 20 - year CDB bonds are still low, with limited spread protection [1][2][3] Group 3: Summary by Relevant Catalogs Weekly Review Ultra - long Bond Review - After the quarter - end, the funding became looser, overnight rates dropped to 1.3%, the central bank did not trade treasury bonds in June, PMI rose slightly, the bond market went up, and ultra - long bonds had a small increase. Trading activity of ultra - long bonds decreased slightly but was still active. The term spread widened, and the variety spread narrowed [1][9] Ultra - long Bond Investment Outlook - **30 - year Treasury Bonds**: As of July 4, the spread between 30 - year and 10 - year treasury bonds was 21BP, at a historically low level. In May, the estimated GDP growth was about 5.0% year - on - year, down 0.1% from April but still above the annual target. With CPI at - 0.1% and PPI at - 3.1% in May, deflation risks remain. Exports declined rapidly in May, and domestic housing prices turned negative month - on - month. After the half - year mark, the funding rate fell again, and the bond market is more likely to rise. However, the term spread of 30 - year treasury bonds is low, with limited protection [2][10] - **20 - year CDB Bonds**: As of July 4, the spread between 20 - year CDB bonds and 20 - year treasury bonds was 3BP, at a historically extremely low level. Similar to the 30 - year treasury bonds, considering the economic situation in May and the decline in the funding rate after the half - year mark, the bond market is likely to rise. But the variety spread of 20 - year CDB bonds is low, with limited protection [3][11] Ultra - long Bond Basic Overview - The balance of outstanding ultra - long bonds exceeded 22.2 trillion. As of June 30, the total amount of ultra - long bonds with a remaining maturity of over 14 years was 222,528 billion, accounting for 14.5% of all bonds. Local government bonds and treasury bonds are the main varieties. By variety, treasury bonds accounted for 26.3%, local government bonds 67.5%, etc. By remaining maturity, the 25 - 35 - year variety accounted for the highest proportion at 40.4% [12] Primary Market Weekly Issuance - Last week (June 30 - July 4, 2025), ultra - long bond issuance decreased significantly, with a total of 359 billion yuan issued. By variety, local government bonds accounted for 344 billion, and mid - term notes 15 billion. By term, 15 - year bonds accounted for 139 billion, 20 - year for 70 billion, and 30 - year for 151 billion [17] This Week's Scheduled Issuance - This week's announced ultra - long bond issuance plan totals 768 billion. By variety, ultra - long local government bonds account for 748 billion, and mid - term notes 20 billion [22] Secondary Market Trading Volume - Last week, ultra - long bond trading was quite active, with a turnover of 11,010 billion, accounting for 13.1% of all bonds. Trading activity decreased slightly compared to the previous week. Ultra - long treasury bond turnover decreased by 2,214 billion, and its proportion decreased by 1.5%; ultra - long local bond turnover decreased by 688 billion, and its proportion decreased by 14.1%; ultra - long policy - bank bond turnover increased by 4 billion, and its proportion increased by 0.1%; ultra - long government - agency bond turnover increased by 78 billion, and its proportion increased by 37.2% [24] Yield - After the quarter - end, the funding situation eased, overnight rates dropped to 1.3%, the central bank did not trade treasury bonds in June, PMI rose slightly, the bond market went up, and ultra - long bonds had a small increase. Yields of 15 - year, 20 - year, 30 - year, and 50 - year treasury bonds changed by 0BP, 0BP, 0BP, and - 3BP respectively to 1.79%, 1.89%, 1.85%, and 1.94%. Yields of representative individual bonds also changed, such as the 30 - year treasury bond active bond 24 special treasury bond 06 yield changing by - 2BP to 1.89% [38][39] Spread Analysis - **Term Spread**: Last week, the term spread of ultra - long bonds widened but remained at a low absolute level. The spread between 30 - year and 10 - year treasury bonds was 21BP, up 1BP from the previous week, at the 5% percentile since 2010 [45] - **Variety Spread**: Last week, the variety spread of ultra - long bonds narrowed and was at a low absolute level. The spread between 20 - year CDB bonds and treasury bonds was 3BP, and between 20 - year railway bonds and treasury bonds was 7BP, down 1BP and 2BP respectively from the previous week, at the 6% percentile since 2010 [46] 30 - year Treasury Bond Futures - Last week, the 30 - year treasury bond futures main contract TL2509 closed at 121.20 yuan, an increase of 0.26%. The total trading volume was 408,900 lots (- 8,046 lots), and the open interest was 151,000 lots (10,690 lots). The trading volume decreased slightly, and the open interest increased slightly compared to the previous week [51]

Core Viewpoint - The recent performance of 20-year and 50-year government bonds has attracted market attention due to their significant yield declines compared to other maturities, indicating a potential shift in investor focus towards these longer-duration bonds [1][2]. Group 1: Market Performance - The yields of 20-year and 50-year government bonds have decreased by approximately 5 basis points (BP) in the past week, with 20-year bonds down 5.5 BP and 50-year bonds down 4.65 BP, outperforming the more stable 10-year and 30-year bonds [1]. - The 50-year special government bond "25超长特别国债03" was issued at a competitive rate of 2.10%, significantly higher than the prevailing market yield, creating an arbitrage opportunity that has drawn substantial buying interest [2]. Group 2: Investment Opportunities - Analysts suggest that the current market conditions may still favor 20-year and 50-year bonds, as they offer higher coupon yields and capital gains potential, especially in a low-yield environment [2][4]. - The yield spread between 20-year and 10-year bonds has narrowed, indicating a potential for further compression, which could enhance the attractiveness of these longer-duration bonds [4][7]. Group 3: Institutional Behavior - Bond funds have shown a trend of increasing their holdings in ultra-long government bonds, with net purchases of 108 billion yuan in 15-20 year bonds and 13 billion yuan in bonds with maturities over 30 years [7]. - The current yield spread between 20-year and 30-year bonds is at a five-year high, suggesting that there is still room for compression, making these bonds appealing during periods of yield stability [7].

Market Overview - On June 19, the market showed no significant negative news, but both stocks and bonds adjusted, with the Shanghai Composite Index falling below 3400 points and the 10-year government bond yield approaching 1.65% [2] - The stock market exhibited strong defensive characteristics during the adjustment, with the Shanghai Composite Index, CSI 300, and CSI Dividend down by 0.79%, 0.82%, and 0.65% respectively [2] - The technology sector in China remained supported, with the STAR 50 index only declining by 0.54%, while the Hong Kong Hang Seng Technology index fell sharply by 2.42% [2] Bond Market Dynamics - The 10-year government bond yield rose by 0.4 basis points to 1.64%, while the 30-year government bond yield fell by 0.2 basis points to 1.84% [2] - The trading of 50-year government bonds became active, with yields on new bonds declining by approximately 13 basis points since May 29, indicating a significant interest in long-duration bonds [6] - The market is exploring structural opportunities due to a lack of a main trend, with the 20-year and 50-year bonds becoming targets for yield spread extraction [6] International Influences - The Federal Reserve maintained its policy rate at 4.25-4.50% during the June meeting, with a more hawkish internal view, as the number of officials expecting no rate cuts this year increased from 4 to 7 [3] - Following the Fed's decision, the yields on 10-year and 30-year U.S. Treasury bonds rose, although the adjustments were manageable, with neither yield breaking through 4.40% and 4.90% respectively [3] - The strengthening of the U.S. dollar has exerted pressure on precious metal prices, with gold prices entering a phase of fluctuation and decline, settling around 3370 USD per ounce [3] Domestic Monetary Policy - The People's Bank of China (PBOC) continued to provide support, with a net injection of 842 billion yuan through reverse repos, despite a slight increase in funding rates [4] - The current funding rates indicate a marginal increase, with overnight rates closing at 1.60-1.65% [4] - The market's liquidity situation is expected to stabilize, with the potential for further net injections from the PBOC [4] Equity Market Trends - The overall equity market experienced a significant decline, with the Wind All A index down by 1.20% and a trading volume of 1.28 trillion yuan, reflecting a 591 billion yuan increase from the previous day [7] - The decline in the market is attributed to escalating geopolitical tensions in the Middle East, particularly concerning Iran, which has heightened risk aversion among investors [7][8] - Despite the overall downturn, there remains a focus on technology sectors, with robotics and semiconductor stocks showing temporary gains [8]