编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 在 癌症 领域， 男性 始终面临一个 " 不公平 " 的现实：相较于女性， 男性不仅更容易患癌，而且更容易死于癌症 。这种性别差异广泛存在于肝癌、膀胱癌、食 管癌、头颈癌等非生殖系统肿瘤中。 该研究首次从 肿瘤细胞 与 免疫细胞 双谱系角度，系统揭示了 Y 染色体缺失 （LOY） 如何协同影响肿瘤进程与患者生存结局。 该研究指向一个被忽视已久的关键角色 —— Y 染色体 ，提出了男性体内一种常见的遗传现象—— Y 染色体缺失 （ Loss of Y chromosome，LOY ） ，可能是 推动癌症进展、削弱免疫反应、缩短患者生存期的根源之一 。 更重要的是，这种 " 缺失 " 并非仅发生于肿瘤细胞本身，该研究发现， 肿瘤细胞中的 Y 染色体缺失会传播扩散到免疫细胞 T 细胞中，导致 T 细胞失去抗癌能力 。这意味着， 癌症对于男性而言，不仅是一次 " 突变 " 的恶性起点，更是一场由内而外的系统性崩塌 。 值得一提的是，这项研究还登上了 Nature 官网头条。 然而，究竟是什么在背后悄然操控这一生物学不平等现象？长期以来，答案并不清晰 。 2025 年 6 月 4 日， 陈兴 ...

Core Insights - The article highlights significant research advancements published in the journal Nature on June 4, 2025, with a notable contribution from Chinese scholars, indicating a growing influence in the global scientific community [2][3][6][8]. Group 1: Medical Innovations - A new thrombectomy technique called "Milli-spinner thrombectomy" was developed, demonstrating over twice the efficiency of existing methods in clearing blood clots, which could enhance treatment success rates for stroke, heart disease, and pulmonary embolism [2]. - Research identified CREM as a critical regulatory factor in NK cell function, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target to enhance CAR-NK cell anti-tumor efficacy [3]. - A study revealed a novel mechanism of red blood cell hemolysis induced by ischemic endothelial necroptosis in COVID-19 patients, proposing a new therapeutic intervention to alleviate microvascular obstruction [7]. Group 2: Genetic and Archaeological Discoveries - The study utilizing ancient DNA confirmed the existence of a two-clanned matrilineal community in Neolithic China, providing insights into early human social structures [2]. - Research on human Pol III transcription initiation offered structural insights that could enhance understanding of non-coding RNA synthesis regulation [8]. - The discovery of the preference of the human chromatin remodeler SMARCAD1 for subnucleosomes highlights its role in maintaining pluripotency in mouse embryonic stem cells [8]. Group 3: Technological Developments - A new method using a non-natural micropeptide called "killswitch" was developed to probe condensate microenvironments, linking these environments to cellular functions [4]. - The introduction of a soft-clamped topological waveguide for phonons represents a significant advancement in the field of phononic devices [5].