公司是中国领先的综合一体化生物制药公司，专注于为自身免疫性及炎症性疾病、肿瘤免疫学疾病及免 疫系统本身恶性肿瘤患者提供全面的免疫治疗解决方案。 根据弗若斯特沙利文资料，按自身免疫性疾病生物制剂所得收入计，博锐生物自2023年起连续两年在中 国制药企业中位列第一。公司拥有八款已商业化产品，并具备以倍捷乐 （比奇珠单抗）、安瑞昔（泽 贝妥单抗）和BR2251为代表的创新管线，正从经验证分子开发企业转型为由专有技术驱动的创新生物 制药公司，包括开发ADC候选药物。 自体免疫疾病市场是全球成长最快的药品领域之一。2024年，度普利尤单抗 、瑞莎珠单抗 和乌司奴单 抗 等明星药物各自创造逾100亿美元收益。在中国，该市场规模从2020年的人民币174亿元增至2024年 的人民币328亿元，预计2035年将达人民币2,899亿元，复合年增长率为21.9%。其中生物制剂市场份额 快速扩大，从2020年的人民币42亿元增至2024年的人民币171亿元，预计2035年将达人民币2,126亿元。 尽管市场增长迅猛，但中国渗透率仍低于发达市场，存在巨大发展机遇。 博锐生物向港交所主板递交上市申请，由华泰国际和摩根大通担任联席保荐人 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the biological inequality in cancer prevalence and mortality between men and women, highlighting the role of Y chromosome loss (LOY) as a significant factor in cancer progression and immune response in men [1][5][31]. Group 1: Research Findings - A study published in Nature by Chen Xingyu reveals how LOY affects both tumor cells and T cells, leading to poorer outcomes for male cancer patients [3][4][6]. - LOY is common in older men, with over 20% of men aged 60 and over showing detectable LOY in peripheral blood cells, previously considered a sign of aging but now linked to cancer progression [13][19]. - The study integrates data from over 4,000 male cancer samples and more than 1 million single-cell transcriptomic data, exploring the origins and clinical significance of LOY [19]. Group 2: Mechanisms of LOY - LOY not only occurs in tumor cells but also spreads to immune cells, particularly T cells, leading to a loss of anti-cancer capabilities [6][22]. - The presence of LOY in T cells correlates with immune suppression and functional exhaustion, indicating a systemic collapse in the immune response against cancer [21][28]. - The study suggests that LOY contributes to a "tumor-immune escape" mechanism, allowing cancer cells to proliferate unchecked [28]. Group 3: Clinical Implications - The findings propose a new LOY scoring system for survival prediction, which could aid in personalized treatment strategies for cancer patients [25][32]. - In cell therapies like CAR-T or TIL, the LOY status of reinfused cells should be a critical quality control metric to avoid reintroducing dysfunctional T cells [34]. - Future therapies targeting LOY-related immune deficiencies may represent a new direction in cancer immunotherapy [35]. Group 4: Gender Differences in Cancer - The study highlights that while the Y chromosome is male-specific, many key immune genes on the Y chromosome have homologous copies on the X chromosome in females, potentially explaining the stronger immune defenses in women [30][31]. - Understanding LOY provides insights into the molecular roots of gender differences in cancer susceptibility and outcomes [31][38].