癌症

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Nature子刊:压力下的头发变白,竟会预防癌症发生
生物世界· 2025-10-08 04:04
撰文丨王聪 编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 暴露组 ( exposome, 指个体终身经历的环境暴露的总和) 对健康具有深远影响。体细胞组织会随年龄 增长发生功能性衰退,并呈现特征性衰老表型,包括 头发变白 和 癌症发生 。然而,导致每种表型的具体 基因毒素、信号通路以及细胞机制,在很大程度上仍属未知。 2025 年 10 月 6 日,东京大学的研究人员在 Nature 子刊 Nature Cell Biology 上发表了题为: Antagonistic stem cell fates under stress govern decisions between hair greying and melanoma 的研 究论文。 衰老 和 癌症 通常被视为截然不同的组织命运。而该研究发现了一种称为 衰老耦联分化 (senescence- coupled differentiation) 的保护性程序,该程序通过促使易癌变干细胞分化来清除这些干细胞。 在致癌 压力下, 黑色素干细胞 遵循这一路径,将会出现 头发变白 ,而绕过这一路径,将形成 黑色素瘤 。 研究团队通过追踪小鼠 黑色素干细胞 ( McSC) 命运,发 ...
老了胖点好!上海交大最新Cell子刊论文发现,脂肪产生的瘦素帮助对抗癌症
生物世界· 2025-08-27 04:13
Core Viewpoint - The study reveals that the decline in leptin levels with age contributes to the accumulation of senescent CD8+ T cells in the tumor microenvironment, leading to weakened anti-tumor effects. Regulating leptin levels may be a promising therapeutic strategy for elderly cancer patients [3][7][10]. Group 1: Aging and T Cell Dysfunction - Aging is a major risk factor for various cancers, with patients aged 65 and above accounting for 60% of new cancer diagnoses [5]. - T cell immune remodeling due to aging results in poor clinical outcomes for cancer patients, as T cells lose physiological functions over time [5]. - Age-related changes in T cells and the impact of systemic metabolic alterations on T cell function and phenotype require further investigation [5]. Group 2: Role of Leptin - Leptin, produced by adipose tissue, informs the brain about the body's fat storage levels, with higher fat leading to increased leptin production [6]. - The study found that decreased leptin levels with age accelerate CD8+ T cell senescence, impairing T cell function in the tumor microenvironment [7][8]. - In human cancer patients, plasma leptin levels are negatively correlated with the degree of CD8+ T cell senescence within tumors [7][8]. Group 3: Implications for Treatment - The findings suggest that enhancing plasma leptin levels through the regulation of adipocyte metabolism may help prevent T cell senescence and improve anti-tumor immunity in elderly patients [10]. - Supplementing leptin could have therapeutic potential for elderly cancer patients [10].
一个缺觉的人,全身炎症水平都在升高!缓解方法→
Yang Shi Xin Wen· 2025-08-13 13:50
Core Viewpoint - Sleep deprivation activates the body's inflammatory response, leading to cognitive impairment and increased risk of various diseases [2][3][6]. Group 1: Impact of Sleep Deprivation - A study involving 2,641 participants found that sleeping less than 6 hours triggers systemic inflammation and increases the risk of cognitive impairment [3]. - Sleep deprivation causes a series of inflammatory responses in the brain, releasing pro-inflammatory factors that adversely affect neurons and cognitive functions [3]. - Chronic sleep deprivation leads to oxidative stress and cellular damage, further exacerbating cognitive decline [3][6]. Group 2: Health Risks Associated with Sleep Deprivation - Insufficient sleep and chronic inflammation are linked to various diseases, including metabolic disorders, cancer, and mental health issues [6]. - Research indicates that sleeping less than 6 hours per night for a week can negatively impact metabolism, inflammation, immunity, and stress response [6]. - Prolonged sleep deprivation keeps the body in a state of stress, lowering immune function and increasing disease risk [6]. Group 3: Recommendations for Mitigating Damage - Adults typically need 7-8 hours of sleep per night, while older adults may require 5-7 hours [11]. - To combat sleep deprivation, lifestyle adjustments and medical interventions are recommended, such as increasing sunlight exposure and regular exercise [13]. - A balanced diet rich in anti-inflammatory foods, such as whole grains, deep-sea fish, cruciferous vegetables, and berries, can help reduce inflammation [14][15].
Nature头条:为何男性更容易死于癌症?陈兴宇等人揭示Y染色体的“丢失叛变”让癌症更致命
生物世界· 2025-06-11 04:01
Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the biological inequality in cancer prevalence and mortality between men and women, highlighting the role of Y chromosome loss (LOY) as a significant factor in cancer progression and immune response in men [1][5][31]. Group 1: Research Findings - A study published in Nature by Chen Xingyu reveals how LOY affects both tumor cells and T cells, leading to poorer outcomes for male cancer patients [3][4][6]. - LOY is common in older men, with over 20% of men aged 60 and over showing detectable LOY in peripheral blood cells, previously considered a sign of aging but now linked to cancer progression [13][19]. - The study integrates data from over 4,000 male cancer samples and more than 1 million single-cell transcriptomic data, exploring the origins and clinical significance of LOY [19]. Group 2: Mechanisms of LOY - LOY not only occurs in tumor cells but also spreads to immune cells, particularly T cells, leading to a loss of anti-cancer capabilities [6][22]. - The presence of LOY in T cells correlates with immune suppression and functional exhaustion, indicating a systemic collapse in the immune response against cancer [21][28]. - The study suggests that LOY contributes to a "tumor-immune escape" mechanism, allowing cancer cells to proliferate unchecked [28]. Group 3: Clinical Implications - The findings propose a new LOY scoring system for survival prediction, which could aid in personalized treatment strategies for cancer patients [25][32]. - In cell therapies like CAR-T or TIL, the LOY status of reinfused cells should be a critical quality control metric to avoid reintroducing dysfunctional T cells [34]. - Future therapies targeting LOY-related immune deficiencies may represent a new direction in cancer immunotherapy [35]. Group 4: Gender Differences in Cancer - The study highlights that while the Y chromosome is male-specific, many key immune genes on the Y chromosome have homologous copies on the X chromosome in females, potentially explaining the stronger immune defenses in women [30][31]. - Understanding LOY provides insights into the molecular roots of gender differences in cancer susceptibility and outcomes [31][38].
7个“喂”出癌细胞的饮食习惯 快来看看你有没有
Yang Shi Xin Wen· 2025-05-09 02:25
Core Insights - Cancer is caused by a combination of multiple factors, including genetic (internal) and environmental (external) influences [1] - Diet plays a significant role in cancer risk, with certain eating habits being linked to increased cancer susceptibility [2][4] Dietary Factors - Smoking and alcohol consumption are classified as Group 1 carcinogens, with smoking being a major risk factor for various cancers, including lung and oral cancers [6][7] - Red meat is classified as a Group 2A carcinogen, while processed meats are classified as Group 1 carcinogens, with high consumption linked to colorectal cancer [9][11] - Cooking methods such as frying and barbecuing can produce carcinogenic substances, with certain foods like salted fish and traditional pickled vegetables also posing risks [12][14] - Consuming moldy or expired foods can introduce carcinogens like aflatoxins, which are linked to liver cancer [14] - Consuming very hot foods and beverages (above 65°C) is classified as a Group 2A carcinogen, increasing the risk of esophageal cancer [15] - Betel nut consumption is classified as a Group 1 carcinogen, associated with oral and esophageal cancers due to mechanical damage to oral tissues [16] - Poor dietary habits, such as overeating and irregular meal patterns, can lead to chronic inflammation and increase cancer risk [17][18]