要想生成 人类化学诱导多能干细胞 （hCiPS 细胞） ，人类血液细胞是最易获取且最方便的细胞来源，然而，将人类血液细胞化学重编程为多能干细胞，仍然是 一项挑战。 202 5 年 7 月 30 日，北京大学 邓宏魁 团队 与 关 景洋 团队 合作 ， 在 Cell Stem Cell 期刊 发表 了题为： Chemical Reprogramming of Human Blood Cells to Pluripotent Stem Cells 的研究论文。 该研究 首次实现了人类 血液细胞 到 多能干细胞 的 化学重编程 ，克服了化学诱导多能干细胞制备中起始细胞来源的关键瓶颈，将进一步推动化学诱导多能干细 胞技术的可及性。 撰文丨王聪 编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 多能干细胞 （PSC） 能够分化生成任何所需的细胞类型，具有巨大的再生医学潜力。 化学重编程 是利用小分子组合来操控细胞命运的一种创新方式，能够将体 细胞重编程为多能干细胞。 2013 年， 邓宏魁 团队率先开创了首个通过化学重编程诱导小鼠体细胞多能性的方法。与基于转录因子 （山中因子） 的策略相比，小分子重编程为通过完全不 同的分子途径来调节细胞命 ...

Core Insights - The research team from Kunming University of Science and Technology successfully developed healthy live monkeys and genetically matched autologous embryonic stem cells from a single primate embryo using embryo splitting technology, marking a significant advancement in regenerative medicine [1][2] - The study published in the journal Nature Communications highlights the importance of obtaining genetically matched embryonic stem cells to address issues of immune rejection and ethical concerns associated with traditional stem cell therapies [1] Summary by Categories Research Methodology - The team optimized embryo splitting techniques by simulating the natural formation of identical twins, performing splits at the 4-cell and 8-cell stages, with a more efficient 3:5 strategy at the 8-cell stage [1] - From 23 pairs of split embryos, two healthy monkeys and autologous stem cell lines were successfully generated, with one case resulting in a successful cell line establishment before mid-pregnancy miscarriage [1] Findings and Comparisons - Single-cell transcriptome analysis revealed that autologous embryonic stem cells exhibited lower cell heterogeneity, reduced transcriptional noise, and more significant expression of genes related to genomic stability compared to induced pluripotent stem cells and somatic cell nuclear transfer embryonic stem cells [2] - Under feeder layer culture conditions, induced pluripotent stem cells showed a stronger differentiation trend, while autologous embryonic stem cells were more similar to somatic cell nuclear transfer embryonic stem cells [2] Clinical Implications - The establishment of autologous embryonic stem cells from split embryos presents a new method for generating pluripotent stem cells and provides an ideal model for assessing the functional differences of various stem cell types in vivo [2] - The research has potential clinical applications in organ repair and disease treatment, laying a crucial foundation for future regenerative medicine applications [2]

Core Insights - The article discusses a groundbreaking study published in Nature, where researchers successfully cultivated a small human heart within a pig embryo, which was able to beat and survive for 21 days [1][4]. Group 1: Research Findings - Scientists have previously transplanted gene-edited pig organs (kidneys, hearts) into humans, and are now exploring the creation of human-animal chimeras to address global organ transplant shortages [4]. - The research team, led by researcher Lai Liangxue, reported the cultivation of a humanized heart in pig embryos, marking a significant advancement in xenotransplantation [5][6]. - The pig is considered a suitable donor species due to its organ size and anatomical similarities to humans [6]. Group 2: Methodology - The team utilized a method involving the creation of pig embryos lacking specific genes necessary for heart development, followed by the injection of human stem cells to promote the formation of the heart [5][6]. - The embryos were implanted into a sow for further development, and the resulting hearts reached a developmental stage comparable to that of a human heart at 21 days [7]. Group 3: Observations and Future Directions - The chimeric pig embryos could grow for a maximum of 21 days, after which they could not survive, potentially due to human cells disrupting pig heart function [7]. - The study did not disclose the proportion of human cells within the hearts, although previous research indicated that human cells constituted 40%-60% in pig kidneys [7]. - For future developments, it is essential that the heart is entirely composed of human cells to prevent immune rejection in human recipients [9].