Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the transformation of global supply chains from a linear "chain" structure to a complex, dynamic "network" structure, emphasizing the implications of this shift for international trade and economic stability [1][2][5]. Group 1: Supply Chain Dynamics - The "bullwhip effect" illustrates how small changes in demand can lead to amplified fluctuations throughout the supply chain, especially in a networked environment [1][5]. - In today's global trade, supply chains are increasingly interlinked, with companies in the same industry often sharing suppliers and customers, leading to a network rather than a simple chain [2][3][4]. Group 2: Supply Chain Network Characteristics - The supply chain network encompasses a wide range of components, including raw materials, parts, finished products, logistics, and sales, creating a complex operational environment for companies [4]. - Companies operate within a "maze" of competition and cooperation, where disruptions to a single supplier can impact all dependent companies, highlighting the interconnected risks within the network [4][6]. Group 3: Current Challenges and Transformations - Since 2018, global supply chains have undergone significant changes, with a trend towards regionalization in response to geopolitical risks and natural disasters, while upstream supply chains remain largely unchanged [6]. - Major manufacturing companies, such as Boeing, have experienced stock price volatility due to concerns over supply chain adjustments, particularly in the semiconductor industry, where reliance on global supply remains critical [6].