编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 埃博拉病毒病 （ Ebola virus disease, EVD） 由 埃博拉病毒 （EBOV） 引起，是一种致死率高达 90% 的动物源性感染，对全球卫生安全构成巨大挑战。埃博 拉病毒属于丝状病毒科，是一种负链 RNA 病毒，于 1976 年在刚果民主共和国首次被发现。在埃博拉病毒属的六个已知物种中，扎伊尔埃博拉病毒的毒性最强， 也是人类疫情中最常见的病原体。该病毒通过直接接触感染者的体液传播，果蝠被认为是其天然宿主，导致病毒反复从动物宿主溢出至人类。 自发现以来，已记录了 30 多次埃博拉病毒病疫情，通常局限于非洲的局部地区，但影响巨大。2014 - 2016 年的西非埃博拉疫情是史上规模最大的一次，感染 人数超过 28600 人，死亡人数达 11300 人，而 2018 - 2020 年刚果民主共和国爆发了史上第二大埃博拉疫情，导致了约 3400 例病例和 2200 人死亡，这凸 显了埃博拉病毒持续存在的公共卫生威胁。在大流行期间，病毒的关键变异往往会增强其致病性与传播力。那么，病毒变异是否也是此次埃博拉疫情 传播 的关键 因素？ 2026 年 1 月 2 2 日，中山大学 ...

Core Viewpoint - The pharmaceutical industry, particularly innovative drugs, is positioned as a key strategic investment direction for China's rise in the context of global supply chain restructuring and geopolitical tensions [1][2]. Group 1: Policy and Market Dynamics - The "Healthy China 2030" initiative aims for the health service industry to reach a total scale of 16 trillion yuan by 2030, with R&D investment intensity surpassing that of developed countries [1]. - The 2024 government work report emphasizes accelerating the development of new productive forces, with biomedicine identified as a key area for increased fiscal support [1]. - The "14th Five-Year" plan for biomedicine aims for the biomedicine sector to account for over 40% of a projected 22 trillion yuan bioeconomy by 2025 [1][2]. Group 2: Innovation and Approval Processes - The average approval cycle for domestic innovative drugs has been reduced to 6.2 years in 2023, a decrease of 3 years since 2018 [2]. - The dynamic adjustment mechanism for medical insurance negotiations will include 7 new anti-cancer drugs in 2024, with price reductions limited to 40%, thereby protecting innovation returns [2]. Group 3: Market Growth and Demographics - The proportion of the population aged 60 and above in China is expected to exceed 21% in 2024 and reach 30% by 2035, driving demand for chronic disease medications, cancer drugs, and rehabilitation equipment [2]. - Per capita medical expenditure in 2023 is 6,200 yuan, only one-sixth of that in the United States, with expectations to exceed 8,000 yuan by 2025 [2]. Group 4: Internationalization and R&D Efficiency - In 2023, the overseas licensing transaction volume for Chinese innovative drugs exceeded 40 billion USD, up from 15 billion USD in 2021, with projections to surpass 50 billion USD in 2024 [3]. - The cost of clinical trials in China is only 30%-50% of that in the United States, significantly shortening the R&D cycle for local pharmaceutical companies [3][4]. - The proportion of innovative drugs in China's pharmaceutical market is projected to increase from 25% in 2023 to 40% by 2025 [2][4]. Group 5: Industry Trends and Future Outlook - The revenue share from innovative drugs going abroad is expected to rise from 8% in 2023 to 20% by 2025, indicating a growing international presence [4]. - The number of global biotech companies with a market value exceeding 100 billion yuan is anticipated to increase, with 3-5 such companies expected to emerge in the coming years [4].