Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the articles highlights the shift in the relationship between multinational automotive companies and Chinese brands from competition to collaboration in the context of the new energy vehicle (NEV) and smart technology sectors [1][2][3] - Multinational companies are increasingly partnering with Chinese firms to enhance their smart technology capabilities, as seen in collaborations like Volkswagen and Xpeng, which focus on developing new electronic architectures and software [1][2] - The partnerships also extend to collaborations with technology suppliers, such as Audi with Huawei and BMW with Alibaba, aimed at integrating advanced digital features into their vehicles for the Chinese market [2] Group 2 - These cross-border collaborations not only facilitate multinational companies' entry into the Chinese market but also promote the global dissemination of cutting-edge Chinese technologies [3] - BMW has established its largest R&D center outside Germany in China, focusing on autonomous driving and digital user interfaces, indicating a strategic shift towards leveraging local expertise [3] - The increasing number of patents filed in China by companies like Valeo reflects a trend where innovative technologies are developed and produced in China before being introduced to European and American markets [3]