Core Viewpoints - The pension system in Taiwan is characterized by significant occupational segmentation and treatment disparities, consisting of multiple pillars including a zero pillar for poverty alleviation and a third pillar primarily based on commercial insurance [2][6][11] Group 1: Structure of the Pension System - Taiwan's pension system is divided into four pillars: the first pillar includes social insurance pensions, the second pillar consists of occupational retirement funds, the zero pillar provides social allowances for low-income elderly, and the third pillar is based on commercial insurance [6][11] - The first pillar covers all eligible individuals, with contributions shared between individuals and the government, varying by occupation [8][11] - The second pillar does not cover unemployed individuals and includes various retirement funds for military, public education, private school teachers, and farmers [12][16] Group 2: Investment Allocation of Pensions - The first pillar's military insurance primarily invests in Taiwanese stocks and ETFs, with 39% allocated to stocks and 16% to bonds [25][30] - National pension funds prefer domestic stocks and beneficiary certificates, while labor insurance funds mainly invest in bonds and special stocks [30][34] - The second pillar's military and public education retirement funds allocate nearly half of their funds to bonds and stocks, with a significant portion managed by external institutions [38][44] Group 3: Characteristics of Pension Financial Products - Taiwan's long-term care service system has developed rapidly, with the Long-Term Care 2.0 plan expanding service targets and projects, integrating community resources [4][51] - The "small endowment insurance" product is designed for low-income elderly individuals, featuring low premiums and no medical examination requirements [4][58] - The long-term care plan includes various services for daily living assistance, professional training, and transportation for elderly individuals [55][56]