Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the healthcare industry or specific companies within it. Core Insights - The Universal Health Coverage (UHC) aims to provide equitable and sustainable access to essential health products at affordable prices across all levels of the healthcare system [4]. - The World Health Organization (WHO) has established a Model List of Essential Medicines, which serves as a guideline for countries to adopt or adapt according to local priorities [4]. - Mauritania has revised its National List of Essential Medicines (LNME) multiple times, with the latest revision in March 2021, which will be effective from 2024 to 2026 [5][6]. - The new LNME includes essential medicines for both adults and children, introduces a list of essential medical consumables, identifies 40 tracer products, and incorporates the WHO's AWaRe classification of antibiotics to combat antimicrobial resistance [7]. Summary by Sections Section I: Overview of Essential Medicines - Essential medicines must meet the majority of the population's health needs, be effective, of proven quality, easy to use, available at all times, have minimal side effects, and be financially accessible [12]. Section II: National List of Essential Medicines - The LNME is organized into 31 therapeutic classes, with medicines listed alphabetically by their International Nonproprietary Name (INN) [13]. - The list includes various columns detailing therapeutic class, INN, pharmaceutical form, dosage, and the AWaRe classification for antibiotics [13][16]. Section III: Implementation and Monitoring - A roadmap has been developed outlining key guidelines, activities, and performance indicators for the implementation of the LNME [8]. - The adoption of the LNME involved participation from prescribers, dispensers, managers, and civil society, ensuring a comprehensive approach to healthcare delivery [7]. Section IV: Regulatory Framework - The application of the LNME is mandatory for certain healthcare levels and serves as a guideline for others, with revisions occurring every two years [22][23].

Core Viewpoint - The U.S. government's tariff policies are causing significant disruptions in the pharmaceutical industry, leading to increased drug prices and potential shortages, which could adversely affect public health and the overall economy [1][2][10]. Group 1: Tariff Impact on Pharmaceutical Costs - The tariffs imposed by the U.S. government are projected to increase annual pharmaceutical costs by over $50 billion [2]. - The reliance on imported raw materials for pharmaceuticals means that tariffs could lead to skyrocketing drug prices, exacerbating the existing drug affordability crisis in the U.S. [3][5]. - A significant portion of the U.S. prescription drug market, over 90%, consists of generic drugs, which are primarily sourced from countries like India and China [4][11]. Group 2: Supply Chain Vulnerabilities - The U.S. pharmaceutical industry is facing a critical shortage of drugs, with a record high of 323 drugs reported to be in short supply as of Q1 2024 [5]. - The majority of active pharmaceutical ingredients for commonly used drugs are not produced in the U.S., leading to increased vulnerability to supply chain disruptions due to tariffs [4][8]. - The import of pharmaceuticals from Ireland and India has surged, with Ireland's pharmaceutical exports to the U.S. reaching nearly $31 billion in March 2023 alone [6][7]. Group 3: Market Dynamics and Competitiveness - The U.S. pharmaceutical market is expected to grow from $560 billion in 2021 to $861.67 billion by 2028, with a compound annual growth rate of 6.3% [9]. - The imposition of tariffs may lead to a decline in the global competitiveness of U.S. pharmaceutical companies, as they rely heavily on international supply chains [10][11]. - The potential for increased costs and reduced market share could drive U.S. pharmaceutical companies to reconsider their global strategies, possibly leading to a shift in investment towards more stable markets [11].