Core Viewpoint - The onset of early winter has led to a rise in respiratory infections, including influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and rhinovirus, with experts warning of the risk of co-infections that could lead to severe cases [3][4]. Group 1: Current Situation - The National Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has reported an upward trend in acute respiratory infectious diseases, indicating that the country is entering the flu season [3]. - The monitoring data shows a significant increase in influenza activity, with most provinces already in the influenza epidemic phase [3]. - The positivity rate for rhinovirus is notably higher in children aged 14 and under, while RSV positivity rates are fluctuating at a high level, particularly in northern provinces [3][4]. Group 2: Infection Risks - Co-infection risks are heightened during the flu season, with RSV frequently detected alongside other pathogens, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Hib (Haemophilus influenzae type b) [4]. - Children, especially infants under one year old, are at the highest risk for severe respiratory infections, with RSV and rhinovirus being the most common pathogens [4][5]. Group 3: Prevention Measures - Effective prevention strategies include reducing exposure to viruses during the flu season, maintaining good hand hygiene, and ensuring proper ventilation in living spaces [5][6]. - Vaccination is emphasized as a cost-effective method for preventing respiratory infections, with recommendations for continuous vaccination for children against influenza, pneumonia, and Hib [6]. - Parents are advised to seek medical attention promptly if children exhibit symptoms such as high fever, cough, or difficulty breathing [6].

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of immunization services for all age groups to prevent vaccine-preventable diseases, particularly focusing on the rising incidence of whooping cough and RSV among infants and young children [1] Group 1: Importance of Whooping Cough and RSV - Whooping cough has seen a significant increase in incidence among newborns, with its morbidity and mortality rates much higher than those of typical infant illnesses [2] - RSV is the leading pathogen causing lower respiratory infections in infants under one year, leading to severe conditions like pneumonia and bronchiolitis [1][2] Group 2: Misconceptions about Infection Risks - The belief that infants are at lower risk of contracting whooping cough and RSV while staying at home is incorrect, as viruses can be brought home by adults who have been exposed outside [3] Group 3: Preventive Measures in Childcare Settings - In childcare institutions, it is recommended to temporarily keep children away during viral outbreaks and to maintain hygiene practices such as wearing masks and cleaning utensils [4] Group 4: New Preventive Strategies for RSV - The introduction of passive immunization through the injection of monoclonal antibodies for RSV is a significant advancement, with a new guideline for the prevention and treatment of RSV in children set to be released in 2024 [5] Group 5: Adjustments in Vaccination Programs - Starting January 1, 2025, China's national immunization program will adjust the vaccination schedule for whooping cough, ensuring timely vaccination and the introduction of a booster shot to enhance immunity [6] Group 6: Recommendations for Parents - Parents are advised to take precautions during high infection seasons, such as wearing masks in crowded places, frequent handwashing, and ensuring timely vaccinations for their children [7][8]