Core Viewpoint - Intellectual property (IP) is essential in daily life, influencing various aspects such as clothing and beverages, highlighting its pervasive presence in society [2]. Group 1: Definition and Types of Intellectual Property - Intellectual property refers to the exclusive rights that individuals or organizations have over their intellectual achievements, including works, inventions, trademarks, geographical indications, trade secrets, integrated circuit layout designs, new plant varieties, and other legally defined objects [3]. - The main types of intellectual property include patent rights, trademark rights, geographical indications, data intellectual property, copyright, new plant varieties, integrated circuit layout designs, and trade secrets [4]. Group 2: Protection Duration of Intellectual Property - Patent rights have varying protection durations: invention patents for 20 years, utility model patents for 10 years, and design patents for 15 years, all calculated from the application date [5]. - Trademark rights are protected for 10 years from the date of approval [5]. - The protection duration for geographical indications depends on the registration form, typically lasting 10 years with the possibility of renewal [5]. - Data intellectual property protection duration varies based on data type and legal regulations, with copyright lasting for the author's lifetime plus 50 years, while trade secrets depend on their confidentiality and value [6]. Group 3: Infringement of Intellectual Property - Infringement actions include unauthorized use of similar trademarks, special signs, patents, and other creative works in production, advertising, and other activities [8]. - Other infringement behaviors involve counterfeiting trademarks, unauthorized registration of similar trademarks, and providing facilities for infringement activities [8]. Group 4: Intellectual Property Pledge Financing - Intellectual property pledge financing allows enterprises to use legally owned patents, trademarks, and copyrights as collateral to obtain loans from banks, addressing funding challenges for technology-based SMEs lacking real estate guarantees [9]. - Eligible for this financing are valid patents and trademarks granted by the National Intellectual Property Office and copyright registration certificates from the National Copyright Administration [9].