Core Insights - The SRC has released the Microelectronics and Advanced Packaging Technology (MAPT) Roadmap 2.0, which is a comprehensive update to the industry's first 3D semiconductor roadmap [1] - The roadmap emphasizes the exponential growth in data volume required for information and communication technology (ICT), highlighting the limitations of traditional semiconductor technologies and the urgent need for heterogeneous integration (HI) to enhance system performance and energy efficiency [1][2] Group 1: System Integration and Design Challenges - Different applications require specific architectures and system integration strategies to effectively balance performance, power, area, and cost (PPAC) while ensuring signal integrity, power conversion, thermal management, reliability, and security [2][3] - The challenges of system integration extend beyond chip packaging to include material selection, interconnect scaling, and thermal management solutions, all of which must meet reliability and yield targets [3] - The transition to 2.5D/3D heterogeneous integration is crucial for achieving significant performance and cost advantages in future ICT systems [5] Group 2: Heterogeneous Integration (HI) and Chiplet Design - Chiplets and their signaling interfaces introduce a new silicon module to the microelectronics ecosystem, offering high bandwidth, area efficiency, and low cost, necessitating design capabilities for defining physical cores and chip-to-chip interfaces [7] - Design Space Exploration (DSE) utilizes analytical models and AI-assisted technologies to rapidly evaluate HI system designs, becoming increasingly important as HI system integration scales [8] - Close collaboration between chiplet and packaging design throughout the design cycle is essential, requiring early involvement of system architects to analyze system and packaging trade-offs [9] Group 3: Testing, Reliability, and Security - Future heterogeneous systems will require modular testing solutions to address the unique electrical, mechanical, and thermal characteristics of various components, balancing coverage, complexity, and cost [10] - As multi-chip system-level packaging (SiP) becomes more complex, security considerations must be integrated into design automation tools to mitigate potential threats from untrusted components and external attacks [11][12] Group 4: Advanced Packaging and Interconnect Technologies - The demand for more efficient, scalable, and high-performance solutions is driving innovations in heterogeneous integration and advanced packaging technologies, which are critical for high-performance computing, AI, and edge computing applications [14] - Key advancements in interconnect technologies include the development of through-silicon vias (TSVs), intermediate layers, and hybrid bonding methods, which are essential for enhancing performance, increasing data bandwidth, and reducing energy consumption [14][15] - The exploration of photonic interconnect technologies aims to overcome the limitations of electrical connections, providing low-latency, high-throughput connections for high-bandwidth and long-distance communication [17] Group 5: Power Delivery and Thermal Management - Integrated Voltage Regulators (IVRs) are becoming key solutions for addressing power delivery challenges, particularly as processor power levels continue to rise, especially in data center CPUs and GPUs [25] - The increasing complexity of power delivery networks necessitates the development of robust platform-level voltage regulators to efficiently distribute power across integrated voltage regulators on the chip [25][26] - Advanced packaging and heterogeneous integration face significant thermal management challenges due to rising power densities and the need for effective cooling solutions, including embedded cooling structures [29][30] Group 6: Material Innovations and Future Directions - The transition from traditional substrates to integrated platforms requires new materials and processing techniques to enhance system-level performance, particularly in high-performance computing and electrification applications [34][36] - Future developments in high-density substrate technologies will focus on achieving finer bump pitches and higher routing densities to meet the demands of advanced applications [42][43] - The need for innovative solutions in RF devices and systems, particularly those operating at frequencies above 6 GHz, is driving the demand for new materials, structures, and assembly techniques [44][45]