人们常说"化干戈为玉帛" 玉帛指玉器和丝织品 干戈分别是两种兵器 干类似盾牌，负责防御 戈则负责攻击和伤害 今天就带你认识这件冷兵器"戈" 01 长度近1米 它是名副其实的"玉戈之王" △图片来源：视觉中国 湖北省博物馆藏的这件大玉戈 △图片来源：盘龙城遗址博物院（盘龙城国家考古遗址公园） 出土于盘龙城遗址李家嘴3号墓 是目前出土玉戈中最长的一件 被誉为"玉戈之王" 长94厘米，厚度0.5厘米 尺寸普遍较大 一般长度在30厘米以上 到了商代晚期及以后 玉戈长度变小 一般在20厘米以下 因此这件长度近1米的大玉戈 是名副其实的"玉戈之王" 02 使用广泛 戈是冷兵器时代的"C位"选择 戈，古称"勾兵" 是一种以勾杀为主要伤害方式的兵器 也是华夏文明独有的兵器之一 早在新石器时代 先民们已经开始使用石戈进行战斗 △图片来源：视觉中国 大玉戈由刃和柄两部分组成 刃部和柄部相交之处有一个圆孔 △殷墟博物馆复原模拟铜戈固定在木杆上的状态。图片来源：视觉中国 使用时，可用绳子穿过圆孔 将大玉戈固定在木柄上 在商代早期及以前的玉戈 △殷墟博物馆展出模拟复原的商代铜戈。图片来源：视觉中国 一直到秦代 戈都是中国古代战场上 使 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the unique characteristics and cultural significance of a specific type of jade disc known as "youling" jade bi, which has been affected by environmental factors leading to its distinctive coloration and patterns [2][4][9]. Group 1: Characteristics of Youling Jade Bi - The jade bi has two distinct sides: one is a deep purple-blue color, while the other is a lighter gray-white, resulting from exposure to sunlight and environmental conditions [2][4]. - The jade's porous quality allows it to absorb minerals from the surrounding soil, contributing to its unique coloration [4][6]. - The jade bi was partially covered by stones during its burial, which protected certain areas from sunlight, leading to uneven coloration [9][10]. Group 2: Cultural Significance - Youling jade bi is an important ritual object in ancient Chinese culture, particularly among the Shu people, who often buried these discs near rivers as offerings to the heavens [9][10]. - The discovery of over 200 jade bi at the Jinsha site highlights the area's significance in ancient sacrificial practices [9][10]. - The jade bi's design, particularly the "high-neck" style, is a distinguishing feature that reflects the aesthetic preferences of the time [10][12]. Group 3: Public Interest and Reception - The unique appearance of the jade bi has captured the attention of various enthusiasts, leading to comparisons with modern items like coffee filters and collectible CDs [16][19]. - The jade bi's striking colors and patterns have been described as visually stunning, showcasing the allure of ancient Shu civilization's jade culture [14][21].

Core Insights - The article highlights the significance of the Panlongcheng site in Hubei, which serves as a central hub for the governance model of ancient China and the development of bronze civilization in the Yangtze River basin [1] Archaeological Discoveries - The Panlongcheng site was discovered in 1954 and confirmed as belonging to the early Shang Dynasty in 1958, with large-scale excavations starting in 1974 [1] - Recently, the site was selected as one of the "Top Ten Archaeological Discoveries of 2024" [1] - New findings from the Yangjiawan area include a large strip-shaped stone structure, marking the first discovery of such a construction in the Yangtze River midstream during the Xia and Shang periods [2][4] Cultural Artifacts - A bronze axe unearthed from the Li Jiazui No. 2 tomb is noted as the largest known early Shang bronze axe, symbolizing military power [6] - The Yangjiawan M17 tomb yielded significant artifacts, including a unique turquoise-inlaid gold ornament, which is one of the earliest gold and jade inlaid decorations found in the Central Plains culture [8] - The site also revealed a bronze vessel with features of multiple bronze wine vessels, showcasing the artistic and aesthetic characteristics of the Shang Dynasty [11] Historical Context - The Panlongcheng site is positioned as a crucial center for early bronze civilization in the Yangtze River basin, reflecting the cultural exchanges between the Yellow River and Yangtze River regions [13][16] - The site has been linked to the Zhengzhou city in terms of ritual artifacts, indicating a high degree of consistency in material culture and customs between the two locations [16]