Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the historical significance, medicinal properties, and market potential of Huaihua (Sophora japonica), highlighting its dual role as both a food and a medicine, and its growing demand in various sectors [1][11]. Historical and Cultural Significance - Huaihua has been recognized in Chinese culture since ancient times, with references in texts like "Shan Hai Jing" [1]. - It is associated with auspicious meanings and is used in traditional customs for its protective qualities [1]. Medicinal Properties - Huaihua is recognized as a "dual-use" substance, serving both as a food and a medicine since its inclusion in the 2002 list by the Ministry of Health [1]. - The active components in Huaihua include triterpenoid saponins, flavonoids, and polysaccharides, which contribute to its health benefits [5]. Health Benefits - **Antioxidant Effects**: Huaihua contains flavonoids that help eliminate free radicals and reduce oxidative stress, which is linked to chronic inflammation [6]. - **Cardiovascular Health**: Active compounds in Huaihua can reduce platelet aggregation, thereby lowering the risk of cardiovascular diseases [7]. - **Anti-Glycation**: Huaihua extracts can inhibit the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which are harmful compounds associated with diabetes complications [9]. - **Brain Health**: Studies indicate that Huaihua extracts can suppress inflammatory responses in the brain, potentially reducing neuronal damage [10]. Market Potential - The global market for Huaihua extracts is projected to grow from $20.2 million in 2025 to $37.9 million by 2033, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.2% [11]. - The increasing applications of Huaihua in pharmaceuticals, food, and cosmetics are driving market demand [11].