Core Viewpoint - The collaboration between China and Russia to build a lunar nuclear power station is seen as a significant step in deep space energy systems, but the necessity and feasibility of such a project at this stage are questioned [1][3][11]. Group 1: Project Overview - A memorandum was signed in May 2025 for the construction of a lunar nuclear power station to support the International Lunar Research Station (ILRS) led by China and Russia, with plans to deploy a nuclear reactor on the moon between 2033 and 2035 [1][3]. - The current phase of the ILRS is still in its basic construction stage, focusing on resource exploration and environmental monitoring, without the need for continuous power supply for long-term human presence [3][4]. Group 2: Energy Solutions - Solar energy systems are considered a viable alternative for the lunar research station, even in limited sunlight conditions, as vertical solar panels can significantly enhance power generation efficiency [5][6]. - A solar array consisting of 12 vertical solar panels could generate approximately 30,000 kWh during the lunar day, sufficient for 6-10 days of scientific operations [5]. - The challenge lies in energy storage during the lunar night, which lasts about 14 Earth days, necessitating advanced storage solutions that are currently feasible with existing battery technologies [6][7]. Group 3: Technical and Logistical Challenges - The construction of a nuclear power station on the moon involves complex engineering challenges, including autonomous deployment, dust resistance, and long-term stability, which have not yet been validated in space [9][10]. - China's current launch capabilities are limited, with the Long March 10 rocket expected to have a payload capacity of about 27 tons, raising questions about prioritizing a high-risk nuclear project over other critical missions [10]. - Russia's current space capabilities are declining, making it uncertain whether they can contribute effectively to such a high-stakes project [10]. Group 4: Strategic Considerations - The memorandum for the lunar nuclear power station lacks binding legal force and is more of a political acknowledgment of mutual interest rather than a concrete plan [11]. - While the long-term vision of a lunar nuclear power station is acknowledged, the immediate focus should be on reliable solar energy systems and operational strategies that do not require continuous human presence [13][14].