俄罗斯重振太空雄心 俄罗斯此举旨在重塑其在太空探索领域的领导者形象。自1961年苏联宇航员尤里·加加林成为首位进入 太空的人类以来，俄罗斯长期以航天大国自居，但近数十年来已逐渐落后。 2023年8月，俄罗斯"月球-25"号无人探测器在尝试着陆时坠毁，对其月球探索计划构成重大挫折。与此 同时，埃隆·马斯克创立的SpaceX在航天发射领域实现了突破性变革，而这曾是俄罗斯的传统技术优 势。 俄罗斯国家航天公司计划在未来十年内在月球上建立一座核电站，为其月球太空计划以及中俄联合研究 站提供能源。 12月24日，据路透报道，俄罗斯国家航天集团公司（Roscosmos）在一份声明中表示，计划在2036年前 建成一个月球核电站，已与拉沃奇金联合公司签署合约推进该项目，参与方包括俄罗斯国家核能公司 Rosatom以及俄罗斯顶尖核研究机构库尔恰托夫研究所。该核电站将为俄罗斯月球探测器、天文观测台 以及中俄国际月球科研站基础设施提供电力。 与此同时，美国也在推进类似计划。NASA今年8月宣布计划在2030财年第一季度前在月球部署核反应 堆。这一太空核电竞赛背后是各国对月球资源的争夺。NASA估计月球上约有100万吨氦-3同位素， ...

Core Viewpoint - The collaboration between China and Russia to build a lunar nuclear power station is seen as a significant step in deep space energy systems, but the necessity and feasibility of such a project at this stage are questioned [1][3][11]. Group 1: Project Overview - A memorandum was signed in May 2025 for the construction of a lunar nuclear power station to support the International Lunar Research Station (ILRS) led by China and Russia, with plans to deploy a nuclear reactor on the moon between 2033 and 2035 [1][3]. - The current phase of the ILRS is still in its basic construction stage, focusing on resource exploration and environmental monitoring, without the need for continuous power supply for long-term human presence [3][4]. Group 2: Energy Solutions - Solar energy systems are considered a viable alternative for the lunar research station, even in limited sunlight conditions, as vertical solar panels can significantly enhance power generation efficiency [5][6]. - A solar array consisting of 12 vertical solar panels could generate approximately 30,000 kWh during the lunar day, sufficient for 6-10 days of scientific operations [5]. - The challenge lies in energy storage during the lunar night, which lasts about 14 Earth days, necessitating advanced storage solutions that are currently feasible with existing battery technologies [6][7]. Group 3: Technical and Logistical Challenges - The construction of a nuclear power station on the moon involves complex engineering challenges, including autonomous deployment, dust resistance, and long-term stability, which have not yet been validated in space [9][10]. - China's current launch capabilities are limited, with the Long March 10 rocket expected to have a payload capacity of about 27 tons, raising questions about prioritizing a high-risk nuclear project over other critical missions [10]. - Russia's current space capabilities are declining, making it uncertain whether they can contribute effectively to such a high-stakes project [10]. Group 4: Strategic Considerations - The memorandum for the lunar nuclear power station lacks binding legal force and is more of a political acknowledgment of mutual interest rather than a concrete plan [11]. - While the long-term vision of a lunar nuclear power station is acknowledged, the immediate focus should be on reliable solar energy systems and operational strategies that do not require continuous human presence [13][14].

Group 1 - The core point of the news is the signing of a memorandum between Russia's Roscosmos and China's CNSA to build a lunar nuclear power station, which will significantly contribute to the International Lunar Research Station (ILRS) project expected to be completed by 2036 [1][3] - The lunar nuclear power station aims to address the critical issue of power supply for the ILRS, with Russia being recognized for its leading position in space nuclear technology [1][3] - Previous discussions on space reactors between the two countries had minimal progress, but there is hope for successful deployment of a nuclear reactor on the moon [1][3] Group 2 - The ILRS will be developed in three phases, with a basic model expected to be completed by 2028 for lunar environment exploration and resource utilization tests [4] - By 2040, a more advanced model will be established to conduct space environment research and scientific experiments, supporting manned lunar missions and deep space exploration [5] - The collaboration between China and Russia aims to promote sustainable development of international space activities, adhering to the principles of consultation, construction, and sharing [5]