差距从何而来？答案不在今天，而在47年前。 当美国还在享受能源红利时，中国已悄然启动了一场关乎未来的电力长征。 小汉这篇文章，就跟大家聊聊中国电力激荡的47年。 美国真的要撑不住了。 美国能源信息署（EIA）公布，2024年，美国用户平均停电时间暴涨80%，部分地区一年停电超26小 时。 而在中国，电网不仅稳如磐石，还支撑着全球增长最快的AI算力需求。 停电背后是电价的疯狂上涨。2022到2025年间，美国平均零售电价上涨了13%，普通美国家庭一年的电 费从1683美元涨到1902美元。 过去十年，39个州的电价涨幅超过20%，加州更是高达96%。 2019到2024年，居民电价飙升27%，比工商业用电的涨幅高出8个百分点。 美国电网扛不住了 全球都在为AI时代的电力问题发愁，而美国的情况已经到了失控的地步。 2024年，美国单位用户平均停电时长达到662.6分钟，差不多是11小时，同比暴涨超过80%，比十年前 增长了近2倍。 数据中心扎堆的弗吉尼亚州和得克萨斯州更惨，停电时长分别同比延长228%和176%，得州较十年前的 增幅甚至超过700%。 现在有近8000万美国人不得不在交电费和支付医疗、住房等开支之 ...

Core Insights - China has established the world's largest clean energy supply system, with a total installed power generation capacity of 3.65 billion kilowatts as of June 2025, of which 2.2 billion kilowatts (60%) is from clean energy sources [1][2] Group 1: Energy Consumption and Economic Growth - Over the past decade, China's energy consumption has grown at an average rate of 3.1%, supporting an average GDP growth of 6.7% [1] - The energy consumption per unit of GDP has decreased by 27%, and carbon emission intensity has dropped by 34% [1] Group 2: Renewable Energy Capacity - Since the 14th Five-Year Plan, China has added an average of 22 million kilowatts of new energy capacity annually, contributing over 80% of the world's new installed capacity [1] - Renewable energy capacity accounts for 41% of the global total, with over 96% of coal-fired power units completing ultra-low emission upgrades [1] Group 3: Technological Innovations - China has built 44 ultra-high voltage transmission channels, with annual electricity transmission from the "West to East" exceeding 700 billion kilowatt-hours [2] - The country has the world's largest single-unit capacity hydropower generator at 1 million kilowatts, and onshore and offshore wind power units have reached capacities of 11 megawatts and 26 megawatts, respectively [2] Group 4: Energy Storage and Electric Vehicles - The operational capacity of new energy storage in China is 95 million kilowatts, accounting for over 40% of the global total [2] - The number of electric vehicles in China exceeds 25.5 million, with 17 million charging facilities and a total rated power of 196 million kilowatts [2] Group 5: Regional Developments - Hunan province has accelerated the construction of a new power system, establishing the first provincial-level research center for new power system development in China [2] - Demonstration projects such as the Hunan New Power System Innovation Center and the Orange Isle Zero Carbon Energy Experience Hall have significantly improved energy supply efficiency in the province [2]

Core Insights - The recent policy guidance from the National Development and Reform Commission and the National Energy Administration aims to promote high-quality development in the renewable energy sector in China [1][2] - The guidance outlines key tasks such as enhancing the adaptability of new power systems to renewable energy and improving the national unified electricity market system [1][2] - By 2030, a multi-level renewable energy consumption and regulation system is expected to be established, with a focus on meeting the annual demand for 200 million kilowatts of new renewable energy [1][3] Offshore Wind Power - The guidance emphasizes the orderly development and consumption of offshore wind power, including the construction of deep-sea wind power bases and pilot projects for ultra-large deep-sea wind turbines [2] - The central government has elevated the marine economy to a strategic level, with expectations for China's marine production value to exceed 10 trillion yuan in 2024, reflecting a year-on-year growth of 5.9% [2] Solar and Hydropower - Solar and hydropower are highlighted as the most mature forms of renewable energy, with a focus on enhancing efficient and low-cost technology development [2] - The guidance suggests optimizing the configuration of renewable energy based on the characteristics of hydropower, particularly in the southwestern regions [2] Energy Storage Technology - The guidance stresses the importance of advancing new energy storage technologies, including liquid flow batteries and compressed air storage, to enhance the adaptability of new power systems [2] - There is a push to explore the potential of energy storage in conjunction with renewable energy generation [2] Market Outlook - The increasing pressure for renewable energy consumption is noted, with a shift in focus from insufficient installed capacity to systemic consumption and market survival capabilities [3] - Analysts express optimism about the steady increase in China's electrification rate, which is expected to drive demand for new power systems and related infrastructure [3] Related Companies - Huadian International Power (01071) reported a total revenue of 59.953 billion yuan for the first half of 2025, a decrease of 8.98% year-on-year, while net profit increased by 13.15% to 3.904 billion yuan [4] - Datang Power (00991) reported a revenue of 89.345 billion yuan for the first three quarters of 2025, a decline of 1.82%, but net profit rose by 51.48% to 6.712 billion yuan [5] - Huaneng International Power (00902) maintained a "outperform" rating, with a third-quarter revenue of 60.94 billion yuan, down 7.1%, but net profit surged by 89% to 5.58 billion yuan [5] - Xinyi Energy (00968) achieved a revenue of 1.21 billion yuan in the first half of 2025, a year-on-year increase of 7.67%, with net profit rising by 23.43% to 450 million yuan [6]

Group 1 - The article emphasizes the importance of controlling accessible and affordable energy as a key factor in global power dynamics, particularly in the context of the energy networks between Russia and Europe [2][5][30] - Historical examples illustrate that energy resource allocation and transportation efficiency have been critical to the rise and fall of powers, with the UK and the US leveraging their energy resources effectively [4][11][12] - China's energy strategy is highlighted as a response to historical lessons, focusing on building infrastructure to ensure energy security and efficiency in resource distribution [14][20][22] Group 2 - The article discusses China's energy challenges, particularly its reliance on imported oil and gas, and the risks associated with geopolitical instability in supplier regions [16][18] - China's investment in high-voltage direct current (HVDC) technology is presented as a strategic move to enhance energy security by enabling efficient energy transmission from resource-rich western regions to industrial eastern areas [20][22] - The development of renewable energy sources in western China is framed as a means to not only address energy needs but also to stimulate local economies and create jobs, thereby transforming the region's economic landscape [24][26][28] Group 3 - The article argues that China's renewable energy strategy is not merely a reaction to global trends but a comprehensive approach to overcoming past energy challenges while fostering sustainable development [30] - By leveraging renewable energy, China aims to maintain its competitive edge in manufacturing, countering the labor cost advantages of countries like India and Vietnam through lower energy costs [28][30] - The narrative concludes with the assertion that China's approach to energy is a model for sustainable progress, moving away from traditional energy conflicts towards a more stable and innovative energy future [30]

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of Inner Mongolia's clean energy resources and the development of a stable and reliable power grid system to efficiently transmit this energy across the country, aligning with the "14th Five-Year Plan" for a clean, low-carbon, safe, and efficient energy system [1][3]. Group 1: Energy Infrastructure Development - Inner Mongolia is the largest province in China for installed renewable energy capacity, playing a crucial role in supporting the national power grid during peak demand periods [3]. - The Zhangbei-Success 1000 kV UHVAC project is set to be operational by October 31, 2024, establishing a UHV transmission corridor between two key substations, enhancing the safety and stability of power transmission [5][7]. - The project will expand the UHV substation capacity by 9 million kVA, enabling the transmission of over 70 billion kWh of electricity annually, equivalent to the annual consumption of 19 million households, with 72% coming from renewable sources [7]. Group 2: Technological Innovations and Challenges - UHV technology is critical for reducing power losses during long-distance transmission, as it allows for higher voltage and lower current, minimizing heat losses [3]. - The development of GIS (Gas Insulated Switchgear) technology is essential for ensuring the safe and stable operation of the power grid, although pre-warning for GIS faults remains a global challenge [9][11]. - A new panoramic perception laboratory for long-term operation of UHV GIS has been established to simulate typical working conditions and detect internal anomalies, utilizing advanced detection technologies [11]. Group 3: Green Energy Transactions - Inner Mongolia has established itself as the leader in green electricity trading in China, having formed cooperative agreements with eight provinces for green electricity delivery [13]. - The region has developed eight UHV transmission corridors and supporting grid projects aimed at delivering clean energy to North and East China, with a total of 26 UHV supporting facilities under construction during the "14th Five-Year Plan" [14]. - As of now, Inner Mongolia has transmitted over 630 billion kWh of electricity, with approximately 145 billion kWh being clean energy [14].

Core Insights - The article discusses the critical role of China's power grid, particularly the State Grid Corporation, in ensuring energy supply during peak demand periods, especially in summer when temperatures soar [1][3][4] - It highlights the ongoing efforts to unify the northern and southern power grids to optimize resource allocation and enhance electricity distribution across regions [4][6][7] - The article emphasizes China's advancements in high-voltage transmission technology and its expansion into international markets, positioning itself as a global leader in electricity infrastructure [10][11][14] Group 1: Domestic Power Supply and Infrastructure - The article notes that the State Grid has been the world's top revenue generator in the electric power industry for nine consecutive years, ranking third in the 2024 Fortune Global 500 [3] - It describes the historical context of electricity shortages in eastern provinces and the subsequent construction of power plants to meet demand, with installed capacity reaching second globally by 1996 [4][6] - The article mentions that in 2024, Guangdong's electricity consumption is projected to reach 912.1 billion kilowatt-hours, with a significant shortfall in local generation [6] Group 2: Technological Advancements and Market Reforms - The article outlines the shift in China's electricity development focus from scale to quality, leading to a diversified energy supply structure that includes renewable sources [6] - It highlights the government's initiative to standardize cross-regional electricity trading rules by the end of the year, enhancing market efficiency [7] - The article states that China's investment in power grid construction is expected to exceed 608.3 billion yuan in 2024, reflecting a 15.3% year-on-year increase [12] Group 3: International Expansion and Influence - The article details the State Grid's international investments, including significant stakes in power grids across Southeast Asia, Europe, and South America, totaling over $40 billion in Brazil, Peru, and Chile [10] - It emphasizes the strategic importance of high-voltage technology, with China leading in the development of 1000 kV AC and ±1100 kV DC transmission systems [11] - The article concludes that China's energy globalization is reshaping international order, positioning the country as a central player in the global electricity market [14]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint highlights China's continuous innovation breakthroughs, marked by significant achievements such as the launch of the first domestically produced aircraft carrier Fujian, the operational commencement of the world's first fourth-generation nuclear power plant, and the commercial flight of the C919 aircraft [1][3]. - The innovation breakthroughs are attributed to a systematic strategic framework that enhances the efficiency of basic research transfer and transformation, with R&D investment intensity reaching 2.68% and the proportion of basic research increasing to 12.3% by 2024 [3][4]. - The collaborative effort across society is emphasized, where government, enterprises, research institutions, and markets work in sync to drive innovation, exemplified by the continuous advancements in the electric vehicle industry, which has led to China maintaining the world's largest production and sales of new energy vehicles for ten consecutive years [4][6]. Group 2 - The sustainable supply of talent is identified as a key driver of innovation, with China having the largest total human resources and R&D personnel globally, producing over 5 million graduates annually in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics [6][7]. - Looking ahead to the 15th Five-Year Plan, innovation is positioned as the core driving force for high-quality development, with a focus on strengthening basic research, enhancing collaborative innovation, and building a robust talent pipeline to ensure continuous innovation momentum [7].

Core Insights - The recent surge in electricity demand in China, driven by high temperatures, has led to record power loads, with a peak of 1,465 million kilowatts on July 4, marking a significant increase compared to the end of June and the same period last year [1] - The State Grid is leveraging ultra-high voltage (UHV) technology to manage electricity supply, with cross-regional transmission capacity exceeding 200 million kilowatts, highlighting the importance of UHV in connecting energy production and consumption [1] - The steady increase in national electricity consumption is expected to support the high-quality development of the UHV industry, with a projected 5% growth in total electricity consumption by 2025 [1] Industry Developments - China's UHV transmission technology is internationally leading, with 70% of clean energy transmitted through the "West-to-East Power Transmission" project [2] - The State Grid's investment in UHV projects is set to exceed 600 billion yuan in 2024 and is expected to surpass 650 billion yuan in 2025, focusing on UHV construction, county-level grid enhancements, and digital upgrades [2] - The acceleration of UHV construction presents growth opportunities for related listed companies, with the total market capitalization of UHV concept stocks exceeding 750 billion yuan as of July 4, 2023 [2] Company Insights - Among UHV concept stocks, companies like Hengtong Optic-Electric, TBEA, State Grid Yingda, Changgao Electric, and Zhongtian Technology have rolling P/E ratios below 30, with State Grid Yingda at only 16.58 and a 45.22% year-on-year profit increase in Q1 [4] - Notably, several UHV concept stocks also exhibit low P/B ratios, with 12 stocks having P/B ratios below 2, including TBEA and Hengtong Optic-Electric, which have shown significant profit growth [4] - Pinggao Electric, with a 55.94% year-on-year profit increase in Q1 2025, has actively participated in UHV projects and has a leading market share in State Grid projects, attracting investments from insurance and social security funds [4]