Core Insights - The article discusses the rising global obesity rates and the challenges of weight loss and maintenance, emphasizing the role of high-sugar diets as a significant factor in obesity and metabolic diseases. It highlights the ongoing debate regarding the impact of sweeteners on weight control and gut health [6][7]. Study Findings - A recent randomized controlled trial published in *Nature Metabolism* provides new insights into the use of sweeteners. Conducted by researchers from Maastricht University and the University of Copenhagen, the study indicates that incorporating sweeteners into a healthy diet can help overweight or obese adults maintain weight loss and positively affect gut microbiota [7][9]. - The study involved 341 adults and 38 overweight or obese children over a year. Participants underwent a two-month low-energy diet, losing at least 5% of their weight, followed by a ten-month weight maintenance phase. During this phase, one group replaced high-sugar foods with sweetener-containing foods, while the other group maintained their usual sugar intake. Both groups adhered to a diet where sugar contributed less than 10% of total energy [9]. - After one year, the sweetener group maintained an additional weight loss of 1.6 kg compared to the control group, with a consistent weight difference ranging from 1.0 to 2.1 kg throughout the follow-up. Those strictly following the study protocol experienced a maximum weight loss advantage of 3.7 kg [9]. - The study also revealed that sweeteners positively influenced gut health, with an increase in short-chain fatty acid-related bacteria and microorganisms involved in methane production. Metabolic analyses indicated enhanced gut fermentation processes and beneficial metabolic pathways, including aromatic compound degradation and vitamin synthesis [9]. Safety and Recommendations - While the sweetener group reported more gastrointestinal discomfort, such as abdominal pain and bloating, severe adverse events were rare and not directly linked to the intervention. The study supports the notion that, when used appropriately, sweeteners can aid in weight management and promote beneficial changes in gut microbiota [11]. - The findings provide scientific backing for the role of sweeteners in weight management, suggesting that their use, alongside a healthy diet, can help prevent weight regain. However, it is recommended that sweetener use be personalized and guided by professionals for optimal results [11].