以下文章来源于肥胖世界ObesityWorld ，作者肥胖世界 肥胖世界ObesityWorld . 《肥胖世界》Obesity World - 同步传真肥胖及代谢国际新学术进展，为医学减重临床、教研人员搭建一座与国际接轨的桥梁，「每医健」旗下内容平台。 我们首次报道了小鼠ob基因及其人类同源基因的克隆和序列分析。ob基因编码一条4.5kb的脂肪组织信使RNA，包含一个高度保守的167个氨 基酸开放读码框（ORF）。预测的氨基酸序列在人和小鼠之间有84%的一致性，并具备分泌蛋白的特征。在C57BL/6J ob/ob小鼠品系中，发现 了一个使ob基因mRNA表达量升高20倍的无义突变。而在SM/Ckc+[^Dac]ob[^2J]/ob[^2J]品系中，ob RNA的合成则完全缺失。这些结果提 示，ob基因产物是脂肪组织信号通路的一部分，调节着脂肪库的大小。进行哺乳动物突变基因定位克隆时，需先建立遗传和物理图谱，随后分 离基因并检测突变。本文通过这一方法，成功确认了ob基因。 肥胖一直是科学讨论的焦点。早在1783年，Lavoisier和Laplace就提出，能量平衡——即食物摄入与能量消耗——是由生理过程调控的 ...

Core Insights - The article discusses the hidden factors contributing to weight gain, emphasizing that insufficient sleep and chronic stress are significant contributors beyond diet and exercise [1] Sleep and Weight Management - Sleep deprivation disrupts the balance of appetite-regulating hormones, specifically increasing ghrelin (hunger hormone) by 28% and decreasing leptin (satiety hormone) by 18% after just two days of less than 5 hours of sleep [2] - This hormonal imbalance leads to a 33%-45% increase in cravings for high-carbohydrate and high-calorie foods, while cravings for low-calorie fruits and vegetables only increase by 5%-8% [2] - Insufficient sleep also reduces insulin sensitivity, requiring more insulin to maintain blood sugar levels, which can lead to increased fat storage, particularly in the abdominal area [2] Stress and Weight Management - Chronic stress results in elevated cortisol levels, which can lead to weight gain by promoting insulin resistance and increasing appetite through the stimulation of ghrelin and suppression of leptin [3] - Elevated cortisol levels can cause blood sugar fluctuations, necessitating repeated insulin secretion, which can convert excess glucose into fat [3] Strategies for Weight Management - Establishing a regular sleep schedule is crucial, with recommendations to sleep between 10 PM and 7 AM, ensuring 7-8 hours of sleep [5] - Engaging in light physical activities before bed, such as low-intensity resistance exercises or yoga, can promote relaxation and improve sleep quality [6] - Incorporating moderate-intensity aerobic exercise or strength training during the day can help alleviate stress and enhance sleep quality by increasing endorphin and melatonin levels [7] - Dinner should be light and nutritious, avoiding high-fat and hard-to-digest foods, with suggestions for preparing low-calorie snacks for late-night work [8] - The article emphasizes that quality sleep and emotional stability are foundational for effective weight management, advocating for a holistic approach to achieving metabolic balance [8]

当长期吃不饱且体重降至临界阈值以下时，大脑会通过改变处理信息的方式来减少能量消耗。插图：马特柯蒂斯/《Quanta Magazine》 当手机和电脑没电了，屏幕就会变暗，然后罢工。但如果我们提前将电子设备切换到"省电模式"来节约电量，它们就会减少高耗能性操作，以保持基本功能 的运转，直到我们可以为电池充电。 人类的能量密集型大脑也需要保持长期"有电"。脑细胞的运作主要依赖于葡萄糖的稳定输送，它们将葡萄糖转化为三磷酸腺苷（ATP）来为信息处理过程提 供能量。当我们肚子饿的时候，大脑通常不会改变它的能量消耗过程。但考虑到人类和其他动物在历史上一直面临着长期饥饿的威胁，有时是季节性的，科 学家们想知道，大脑是否有自己的一种应对紧急情况的"低功耗模式"。 在今年一月份发表在《神经元》杂志上的一篇论文中，爱丁堡大学娜塔莉·罗什福尔（Nathalie Rochefort） 实验室的神经科学家揭示了老鼠视觉系统中的一 种节能策略。他们发现，当小鼠连续数周吃不饱后（足以让它们的体重下降15%到20%），视觉皮层中的神经元会减少突触中ATP的使用量，降幅高达 29%。 神译局是36氪旗下编译团队，关注科技、商业、职场、生活等领 ...