Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the rapid advancement of controllable nuclear fusion technology, particularly focusing on the key material, high-temperature superconducting tape, which is attracting significant capital interest. Shanghai Superconductor Technology Co., Ltd. is positioned as a leader in this field, aiming to become the first publicly listed company specializing in high-temperature superconducting materials through its upcoming IPO [1][2]. Company Overview - Shanghai Superconductor, established in 2011, is one of only two companies globally capable of producing over 1,000 kilometers of second-generation high-temperature superconducting tape annually, with a market share exceeding 80% in China [1][9]. - The company plans to raise 1.2 billion yuan through its IPO, which will be used for the production of second-generation high-temperature superconducting tape and the development of its headquarters [1][9]. Technology and Market Potential - High-temperature superconductors are revolutionary materials with zero electrical resistance at extremely low temperatures, offering significant applications in energy transmission, medical imaging, and quantum computing, with a potential market size in the trillions [2][8]. - The second-generation high-temperature superconducting tape, produced by Shanghai Superconductor, is superior in mechanical strength, cost-effectiveness, and high-field current-carrying capacity compared to the first generation, which is fragile and expensive [2][4]. Development History - Shanghai Superconductor's journey began with a shift to independent research and development after facing barriers from foreign companies. The first 100-meter long second-generation high-temperature superconducting tape was produced in 2011 [4][5]. - The company faced significant challenges, including a critical low yield of 30% in 2014, but received investment support that enabled it to increase production capacity significantly, achieving 100 kilometers of delivery in 2019 and 200 kilometers in 2020 [4][5]. Industry Trends - The global commercialization of nuclear fusion is gaining momentum, with significant investments from high-profile individuals and companies, indicating a strong market demand for high-temperature superconducting materials [7][8]. - The market for high-temperature superconducting tape in the nuclear fusion sector is projected to grow from approximately 722 million yuan in 2025 to about 2.144 billion yuan by 2027 [9]. Financial Performance - Shanghai Superconductor's revenue has shown rapid growth from 36 million yuan in 2022 to an expected 240 million yuan in 2024, with a notable shift from losses to profitability [12]. - The company experiences seasonal revenue fluctuations, with a significant portion of its income concentrated in the second half of the year due to the nature of its client base, which includes major research institutions and state-owned enterprises [12][13].

（原标题："人造太阳"热潮助推 全球高温超导龙头上海超导闯关科创板） 21世纪经济报道记者 彭新 人类终极能源——"人造太阳"，也就是可控核聚变技术，正加快进入现实世界，而其背后的关键技术材 料"高温超导带材"，正引发资本关注。 11月15日，上交所官网显示，上海超导科技股份有限公司（简称：上海超导）科创板IPO问询回复已披 露。 成立于2011年的上海超导是该领域龙头，其生产的第二代高温超导带材打入了全球可控核聚变商业公司 CFS和Tokamak Energy的供应链。招股书显示，上海超导是国际上唯二实现年产千公里级以上第二代高 温超导带材的生产商之一，另外一家企业为日本企业FFJ。 凭借先发优势，公司在国内市场占据绝对主导地位，市场占有率超过80%。 上海超导冲刺科创板，有望成为"高温超导材料第一股"。此次IPO，上海超导计划募资12亿元，全部用 于上海超导二代高温超导带材生产及总部基地项目（一期）。 图：AI生成 高温超导"引领者" 所谓超导材料，是指在极低温下电阻变零且具完全抗磁性的颠覆性材料，超导材料的零电阻特性在能源 传输、医疗成像和量子计算等领域具有重要应用价值。其也是各国竞相支持的核心新材料， ...

Summary of Key Points from the Conference Call on High-Temperature Superconductors and Their Applications in Controlled Nuclear Fusion Industry Overview - The discussion centers around the superconducting materials industry, particularly focusing on high-temperature superconductors (HTS) and their applications in controlled nuclear fusion [1][2][10]. Core Insights and Arguments - **Key Characteristics of Superconductors**: Superconductors are defined by three critical characteristics: zero electrical resistance, complete diamagnetism, and a distinct change in specific heat curve. These characteristics are essential for determining the superconducting nature of materials [1][4]. - **Performance Metrics**: The performance of superconducting materials is primarily measured by critical temperature, critical magnetic field, and critical current density. These metrics are crucial for assessing the application potential of superconductors [5][10]. - **Types of Superconductors**: Superconductors are categorized into two main types based on critical fields: Type I (single critical field) and Type II (two critical fields). Most practical superconductors fall under Type II, which is more applicable for industrial use [6][8]. - **Applications in Nuclear Fusion**: High-temperature superconductors are vital in controlled nuclear fusion due to their zero resistance and complete diamagnetism, which help in maintaining stable fusion reactions and reducing energy losses [2][10][11]. Practical Applications and Challenges - **Current Utilization**: Low-temperature superconductors like niobium-titanium and niobium-tin are widely used in strong electric fields, such as MRI machines and particle accelerators, despite requiring liquid helium for cooling [9][12]. - **Challenges for High-Temperature Superconductors**: HTS face significant challenges, including brittleness, low strength, and high anisotropy, which hinder their scalability and application compared to low-temperature superconductors [3][13]. - **Advancements in Second-Generation HTS**: Second-generation HTS materials have shown significant improvements in critical current density and are gradually entering industrial applications, particularly in nuclear fusion [15]. Emerging Trends and Research Directions - **Research Focus**: Recent research has focused on increasing the transition temperature of superconductors under high-pressure conditions, although not all high-temperature superconductors are unconventional [7][8]. - **Material Development**: The development of nickel-based superconductors has shown promise, but practical applications remain distant. Current efforts are concentrated on enhancing existing materials like magnesium diboride and copper oxides [21]. Manufacturing Techniques - **Production Methods**: Various production methods for HTS include Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD), Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD), and Solution Deposition (MOD). Each method has its advantages and disadvantages, impacting the quality and performance of the superconducting materials produced [22][23][24]. - **Selection Criteria**: The choice of production method depends on the specific application requirements, such as performance metrics and cost considerations [27]. Conclusion - The superconducting materials industry, particularly high-temperature superconductors, is poised for growth driven by advancements in nuclear fusion technology. However, challenges related to material properties and manufacturing processes must be addressed to fully realize their potential in practical applications [11][20].