Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes China's significant role in the international collaboration for the commercialization of fusion energy, highlighting its advancements in fusion technology and partnerships with over 140 research institutions across more than 50 countries [2][3]. Group 1: Fusion Energy Development - Fusion energy is recognized as a crucial direction for clean energy development due to its high energy density, abundant raw materials, low radioactive pollution, and inherent safety [3]. - China has established a "three-step" strategy for nuclear energy development since the 1980s, which includes the construction of major scientific facilities like the China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor [4]. Group 2: Technological Advancements - The Eastern Super Ring achieved a world record with a plasma steady-state operation at 100 million degrees Celsius for 1,066 seconds, while the China Circulation No. 3 reached a dual temperature of 160 million degrees Celsius [4]. - Ongoing projects include the development of smaller fusion experimental devices and key systems for fusion reactors, such as the "Kua Fu" facility and the compact fusion energy experimental device BEST [4]. Group 3: International Collaboration - The establishment of the IAEA's first "Fusion Energy Research and Training Collaboration Center" in Chengdu signifies China's growing international influence in fusion energy [2]. - The World Fusion Energy Group, initiated by the IAEA, aims to enhance international consensus and accelerate the engineering demonstration and commercial application of fusion energy [6]. Group 4: Challenges and Opportunities - Despite the advancements, challenges remain in achieving plasma steady-state combustion, developing high-temperature materials, and ensuring the economic viability of fusion energy [5]. - China aims to foster global cooperation in addressing these challenges and promoting sustainable energy development [6].

Core Viewpoint - The rapid development of major scientific infrastructure in China is highlighted, particularly in the field of fusion energy, with significant projects like "Kua Fu" and "EAST" aiming to advance clean energy solutions for the future [1][14][19]. Group 1: Major Scientific Facilities - The "LHAASO" facility, located at an altitude of 4,410 meters, is the world's highest and largest ultra-high-energy gamma-ray observatory, searching for elusive cosmic rays [3]. - The "FAST" telescope, with a diameter of 500 meters, extends humanity's view into the universe, reaching distances of up to 10 billion light-years [5]. - The Jiangmen Neutrino Experiment, situated 700 meters underground, utilizes a liquid scintillator detector to amplify weak signals by 10 million times to capture neutrinos, known as "ghost particles" [7]. Group 2: Fusion Energy Development - The "Kua Fu" project is designed to simulate the nuclear fusion reactions occurring in the sun, aiming to develop fusion energy as a clean and virtually limitless power source [8][11]. - Fusion energy is characterized by its abundant raw materials, safety, efficiency, and low carbon emissions, presenting a potential solution to humanity's energy challenges [9]. - The "Kua Fu" facility in Hefei is currently under construction and is expected to be fully operational by the end of 2025, providing a comprehensive research and testing platform for future fusion reactors [13][14]. Group 3: Research Progress and Achievements - The "Kua Fu" project has reached a critical phase, with various subsystems undergoing integration and testing, including the development of a toroidal field coil to generate strong magnetic fields for plasma confinement [24]. - The "EAST" facility has achieved a world record by maintaining a high-confinement plasma state at 100 million degrees Celsius for 1,066 seconds, marking a significant breakthrough in fusion research [21]. - The BEST project, a compact fusion energy experimental device, has commenced construction, aiming to simulate the operational conditions of future commercial fusion reactors [22]. Group 4: Future Outlook - The current research focuses on foundational experiments and engineering technology validation, with expectations for demonstration of fusion power generation within the next decade and commercial viability in 20 to 30 years [25].