Core Insights - Extreme environments serve as a "touchstone" for technological innovation, enabling in-depth exploration of natural laws and the limits of life, thus driving scientific advancements and new technological breakthroughs [1] Group 1: Breakthroughs in Extreme Conditions - In February 2025, a comprehensive extreme conditions experimental facility was completed, capable of providing temperatures as low as 1 millikelvin, pressures exceeding 300 billion pascals, magnetic field strengths up to 26 teslas, and ultrafast light field pulse widths not exceeding 100 attoseconds, significantly enhancing China's capabilities in material science [2] - In September 2025, the world's largest supergravity centrifuge in Hangzhou was operational, achieving a maximum arm linear speed of 137 meters per second, generating 300 times Earth's gravity, and supporting a maximum load of 20 tons, simulating soil settlement over a century in a single day [4] - In 2025, China's first ice-capable manned deep-sea operation mother ship "Exploration No. 3" and the "Fighter" submersible successfully completed manned deep-sea missions in the Arctic, overcoming extreme conditions of -30°C and approximately 600 atmospheres [5][7] Group 2: Advances in Nuclear Fusion Research - The EAST (Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak) achieved a world record of 100 million degrees Celsius and stable plasma operation for 1066 seconds in 2025, marking a significant leap from basic science to engineering practice in fusion energy research [8] - The EAST facility has conducted over 150,000 plasma operations since its inception in 2006, consistently setting new world records and maintaining international leadership in engineering and physics [15] - The construction of the next-generation fusion experimental device, BEST, is progressing, with plans to demonstrate fusion energy generation by 2030 [16][18] Group 3: Future Prospects in Extreme Condition Research - The establishment of advanced extreme condition experimental facilities is becoming a crucial paradigm in scientific research, aimed at discovering new materials, revealing new laws, and opening new applications [21] - China's focus on extreme conditions in deep-sea, high-altitude, and polar environments is expected to drive the development of multiple disciplines, exploring scientific questions related to material states, life behaviors, and cosmic evolution, thereby supporting innovations in new materials and energy sectors [23]

（来源：市场星报） 星报讯 12月24日，中央广播电视总台发布"2025年度国内、国际十大科技新闻"，合肥凭借在核聚变与 量子计算领域的突破性成果，成为科技领域的焦点城市。其中，《"人造太阳"核聚变装置创造"亿度千 秒"纪录》《"祖冲之三号"量子计算原型机创造世界新纪录》上榜国内十大科技新闻榜单，《中国启动 聚变领域国际科学计划》上榜国际十大科技新闻，彰显了中国在全球科技竞争中的引领地位。 此外，11月24日，中国科学院燃烧等离子体国际科学计划项目正式启动并面向国际聚变领域发布紧凑型 聚变能实验装置BEST研究计划。来自法国、英国、德国、意大利、瑞士、西班牙、奥地利、比利时等 10多个国家的聚变科学家共同签署《合肥聚变宣言》。聚变科学家们呼吁加强国际合作，倡议开放共享 与合作共赢精神，鼓励聚变领域的科研人员到合肥开展聚变合作研究，共同开创聚变能源的美好未来， 实现人类的终极能源梦想。 今年1月20日，世界首个全超导托卡马克EAST装置获得重大成果，成功实现了上亿度1066秒稳态长脉冲 高约束模等离子体运行，再次创造了托卡马克装置高约束模运行新的世界纪录。亿度千秒量级稳态高约 束模的实现充分验证了聚变堆高约束模 ...

从核心参数来看，BEST主机直径18米、高19米，总重6000吨，重量仅为国际热核聚变实验堆（ITER） 的四分之一左右，但核心性能毫不逊色。其等离子体大半径3.6米、小半径1.1米，拉长比控制在1.7—1.9 之间，通过优化的磁场构型让能量更集中；环向磁场最大强度达6.15特斯拉，相当于地球磁场的12万 倍，能将上亿度的氘氚等离子体牢牢约束在真空室中，避免高温触碰装置内壁；等离子体电流可达到4 —7MA，聚变功率预计在20—200MW之间，足以支撑商业化发电的技术验证。尤为关键的是，BEST通 过高温超导混合磁体、精密控制技术的深度融合，实现了长脉冲持续运行能力——规划脉冲持续时间超 过1000秒，远超同类装置的短时放电模式，为聚变能商业化所需的"稳定供电"提供了关键实验基础。 技术内核 可控核聚变行业资深观察员，合肥太阿聚变科技有限公司 刘芳 翁竑 "把太阳的能量装进18米直径的'容器'，让上亿度等离子体稳定燃烧并转化为电能——这不是科幻，而 是合肥紧凑型聚变能实验装置BEST正在攻克的核心任务。"2025年5月1日，紧凑型聚变能实验装置 （BEST）项目的工程总装启动仪式在聚变堆主机关键系统综合研究设施 ...

Core Viewpoint - The establishment of Fusion New Energy aims to commercialize fusion energy in China, leveraging its abundant raw materials, high energy density, and pollution-free characteristics as a future clean energy source [1] Group 1: Financing and Capital Structure - Fusion New Energy was founded in Hefei in May 2023 with a registered capital of 5 billion yuan, which has been expanded to 14.5 billion yuan through a combination of equity expansion and capital increase [2] - The new capital structure is primarily dominated by state-owned capital, with significant stakes held by Anhui Energy Group and Hefei Industrial Investment, among others [2] - The company is recognized as a strategic technology innovation entity rather than merely an energy company, attracting long-term investment from various capital sources [2] Group 2: Commercialization Pathway - A strategic action plan has been developed to accelerate the commercial application of fusion energy, outlining a three-step approach: building a compact fusion energy experimental device (BEST), developing a Chinese fusion engineering demonstration reactor (CFEDR), and progressing towards commercial power generation [3] - Fusion New Energy is actively advancing the BEST project and planning for subsequent operational arrangements, with the CFEDR project being essential for future commercial fusion power plants [3] Group 3: Role Definition and Industry Positioning - By 2024, Fusion New Energy has clarified its three main roles: as the sole成果转化平台 for magnetic confinement nuclear fusion, as the chain leader in controllable nuclear fusion energy, and as a pioneer in the industrialization of controllable nuclear fusion in China [4] - The company has filed over 100 invention patents since its establishment, solidifying its intellectual property portfolio [4] - The fusion industry encompasses technology research, equipment manufacturing, material supply, and commercial applications, indicating a long supply chain with diverse materials and significant demand [4] Group 4: Collaborative Efforts and Engineering Development - Fusion New Energy has established 10 working groups focusing on key components, materials, processes, equipment, and testing, collaborating with various stakeholders across the supply chain [5] - The company aims to achieve low-cost applications by working with upstream and downstream enterprises in the construction of engineering and commercial reactors [5]

报告导读： 上周（ 2025/11/24-2025/11/28 ）机械设备指数涨跌幅为 +3.91% 。中 国启动聚变领域国际科学计划，核聚变进度加速；低空系统建设规模化加速。 中国启动"聚变领域"国际科学计划，预计2027年装置建成。 2025年11月24日，中国科学院"燃烧等离子体"国际科学计划项目正式启动，面向全球开放包括 紧凑型聚变能实验装置BEST在内的多个领先的聚变能实验装置及平台，协同攻关科学难题，携手点亮人类清洁能源的未来。根据研究计划，2027年底该装置 建成后，将进行氘氚燃烧等离子体实验研究，验证其长脉冲稳态运行能力，力求聚变功率达到20兆瓦至200兆瓦，实现产出能量大于消耗能量，演示聚变能发 电。核聚变进展加速，建议关注产业链发展。 中央空管办加强规范低空管理系统建设，1.5万亿市场向"规模化落地"跨越。 2025年11月24日，中央空管办日前制定出台《国家级和省、市级低空飞行综合 监管服务平台功能要求（1.0版）》，对低空管理系统建设加强规范。据中国民航局预测，2025 年低空经济市场规模将达 1.5 万亿元， 2035 年有望飙升至 3.5 万亿元。本次低空管理系统《要求》发布，重构 ...

Core Insights - The article discusses advancements in nuclear fusion technology in China, particularly focusing on the construction of the BEST (Broadly Enhanced Superconducting Tokamak) facility in Hefei, which aims to achieve stable nuclear fusion and demonstrate power generation by 2027 [2][4][6]. Group 1: Nuclear Fusion Development - The BEST facility, also referred to as "artificial sun," is designed to replicate the conditions of the sun's core to sustain nuclear fusion reactions [2][4]. - The construction of the facility is currently in the final assembly stage, with key systems like superconducting magnets and heating mechanisms being developed [2][4]. - The facility will consist of millions of components, weighing a total of 6,000 tons, and aims to provide critical data for the commercialization of fusion energy [4]. Group 2: National Strategy and Goals - During the 14th Five-Year Plan, China has made significant breakthroughs in nuclear fusion research, transitioning from basic experiments to engineering applications [6][8]. - The government has prioritized nuclear fusion as a future industry, aiming to integrate it into the broader energy landscape and enhance the industrial chain [8][14]. - The country has established itself as a leader in nuclear power technology, with the largest operational and under-construction nuclear power capacity globally [14]. Group 3: Market and Investment Landscape - The nuclear fusion sector is experiencing rapid investment growth, with over 10 billion yuan raised in the primary market this year, indicating strong market expectations for the development of the fusion industry during the 15th Five-Year Plan [16][18]. - The potential market for controlled nuclear fusion is projected to reach trillions, with China collaborating with over 50 countries and 140 research institutions globally [18].

Group 1: Aerospace and Nuclear Fusion Achievements - China has made significant breakthroughs in aerospace and nuclear fusion, showcasing its hard power capabilities [1] - The "International Scientific Program for Burning Plasma" was officially launched in Hefei, Anhui, with the BEST device set to validate long-pulse steady-state operation by the end of 2027 [2] Group 2: Lunar Construction and Space Missions - The first batch of "lunar bricks" has successfully returned to Earth after a year-long space exposure experiment, weighing approximately 100 grams [3] - The Shenzhou-22 spacecraft was successfully launched as China's first emergency mission, carrying essential supplies and equipment to the space station [4] Group 3: Maritime Engineering - The new generation of ultra-large dredging vessel "Tongjun" has successfully completed all sea trials and is ready for operational use, boasting the largest hold capacity in Asia at 38,168 cubic meters [5][9] Group 4: Environmental Technology - The world's first aerosol-meteorological coupled forecasting AI model has been tested and is now operational, capable of providing high-precision environmental meteorological forecasts [10]

Core Viewpoint - The development of nuclear fusion technology in China is progressing rapidly, with significant projects underway that aim to harness fusion energy for practical applications, including electricity generation, which could lead to a transformative impact on the energy sector [4][16]. Group 1: Nuclear Fusion Projects - The BEST (Broadly Enhanced Superconducting Tokamak) project in Hefei is under construction, aiming to achieve the first demonstration of fusion energy generation by 2027 [4][8]. - The project involves creating conditions similar to those in the sun, with temperatures exceeding one hundred million degrees Celsius to facilitate nuclear fusion reactions [6][7]. - The experimental device consists of millions of components, weighing a total of 6,000 tons, and is designed to provide critical data for the commercialization of fusion energy [8]. Group 2: Advancements in Nuclear Power - During the 14th Five-Year Plan, China has made significant breakthroughs in fourth-generation nuclear power technology, with the world's first commercially operational fourth-generation nuclear power plant in Rongcheng, Shandong [10][14]. - The operational and construction scale of nuclear power in China is the largest globally, with a notable increase in domestic innovation capabilities [14][15]. - The domestic equipment localization rate in nuclear power has reached 93.4%, with plans to achieve 100% localization during the 15th Five-Year Plan [15]. Group 3: Market and Investment Trends - The nuclear fusion sector is experiencing accelerated investment, with over 10 billion yuan raised in the primary market since 2025, indicating strong market expectations for the development of the fusion industry [19]. - The 15th Five-Year Plan period is seen as a pivotal time for the transition from demonstration to large-scale application of controllable nuclear fusion, potentially unlocking a trillion-yuan market [19]. - China has established partnerships with over 50 countries and 140 research institutions globally, positioning controllable nuclear fusion as a key element in achieving carbon neutrality goals [19].

Core Viewpoint - Nuclear fusion energy is regarded as the ultimate goal for clean energy, often referred to as "artificial sun," with increasing international collaboration, particularly between Europe and China, as the U.S. faces technical and funding challenges [1][3]. Group 1: International Collaboration - The "International Scientific Program on Burning Plasma" initiated by the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Hefei marks a significant step in global cooperation for fusion energy research [3]. - A declaration called the "Hefei Fusion Declaration" was signed by researchers from multiple European countries, emphasizing their commitment to align their efforts with China's timeline for sustainable nuclear fusion [3]. Group 2: Project Development - The BEST (Burning Plasma Experimental Superconducting Tokamak) project in Hefei is set to be completed by 2027, aiming to conduct experiments that validate its long-pulse steady-state operation capability, targeting fusion power output between 20 megawatts and 200 megawatts [3]. - The EAST (Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak) facility in Hefei has achieved multiple breakthroughs, setting world records for high-temperature plasma confinement time, thus providing critical data for global fusion research [5]. Group 3: China's Position in Fusion Research - China's robust engineering capabilities, open collaboration spirit, and long-term investment have positioned it as a potential catalyst in making nuclear fusion a reality, attracting the attention of top European experts [5]. - The competition in nuclear fusion research is seen as a contest of organizational efficiency and strategic foresight, with China currently demonstrating strong momentum in leading this race [5].

Core Insights - The "Hefei Fusion Declaration" was signed by fusion scientists from over ten countries, marking a commitment to global collaboration in fusion energy research [2][6] - The Chinese Academy of Sciences announced the opening of multiple leading fusion energy experimental facilities, including the BEST device, to international researchers [4][5] Group 1: Scientific Collaboration - The international scientific plan launched is timely, as nuclear fusion is seen as a potential "ultimate energy" source due to its clean and abundant fuel derived from seawater [4] - Richard Kamenje, from the EU Fusion Energy Commission, emphasized the necessity for global collaboration to address energy challenges [4][6] - The focus on "burning plasma" is crucial, as it represents a new phase in fusion research, with China aiming to achieve significant advancements in this area [4][5] Group 2: BEST Device Development - The BEST device utilizes compact high-field technology to achieve higher fusion power in a smaller volume, with its first key component successfully installed [5] - The goal for the BEST device is to conduct deuterium-tritium burning plasma experiments, aiming for fusion power output between 20 megawatts and 200 megawatts [5] - International experts expressed optimism about participating in the BEST research plan, viewing it as an exemplary model of global cooperation [5][6] Group 3: Global Scientific Ecosystem - The Hefei Fusion Declaration promotes an open and collaborative spirit among nations, encouraging researchers to engage in fusion studies in China [6] - The initiative reflects a broader call for a new ecosystem where humanity collectively addresses scientific challenges [6] - The emphasis on science as a driver of peace highlights China's commitment to advancing global scientific goals for the benefit of all [6]