Core Insights - The article discusses China's advancements in controlled nuclear fusion, highlighting the progress made in the context of the "14th Five-Year Plan" and the "dual carbon goals" [2][3] Industry Developments - By 2025, significant progress has been made in China's controlled nuclear fusion research, with milestones such as the "East Super Ring" achieving plasma stability at 1 million degrees Celsius for 1066 seconds and the "China Circulation No. 3" reaching dual temperatures of 1.17 million degrees for atomic nuclei and 1.6 million degrees for electrons [5][7] - The controlled nuclear fusion industry chain in China is taking shape, involving upstream raw material production, midstream equipment manufacturing, and downstream technology enterprises and research institutions [7] Technological Pathways - Chinese research institutions and companies are exploring multiple technical routes for nuclear fusion, including the "deuterium-tritium" and "hydrogen-boron" pathways, aiming for breakthroughs in controllability and stability [8][10] - The "deuterium-tritium" route, led by national teams like the Chinese Academy of Sciences and China Nuclear Group, focuses on controlled fusion reactions for sustainable energy output [10] - The "hydrogen-boron" route, proposed by New Energy Group, emphasizes cost-effectiveness and safety, with the potential for high efficiency in energy generation [10][12] Collaborative Efforts - The dual-track approach of national teams and enterprises is fostering a collaborative environment to advance the "artificial sun" project, with significant contributions from both sectors [14] - The emergence of "super factories" and "super equipment" in the controlled nuclear fusion field is exemplified by New Energy's "Xuanlong 50U," which has achieved several international firsts in plasma discharge and magnetic field conditions [15] Talent and Ecosystem Development - Strengthening talent exchange and ecological cooperation is crucial for technological upgrades, with New Energy establishing an international and diverse research team and collaborating with over 70 top research institutions across four continents [17] - The ongoing exploration of fusion energy technology, which began in the mid-20th century, continues to be a focal point, with expectations that the maturation of China's nuclear fusion industry will accelerate ecological cooperation and attract more scientific talent [17]