21世纪经济报道记者 唐唯珂 广州报道 金域医学的困境并非个例，而是IVD行业集体面临的挑战。 2025年7月14日，A股医学检验龙头企业金域医学发布公告，预计2025年上半年归属于上市公司股东的 净利润为-9500万元至-6500万元。这是该公司上市以来，首次出现半年度业绩亏损。 对于亏损原因，金域医学解释称，报告期内受经济周期及行业宏观政策环境影响，短期业务发展承压； 同时公司主动优化客户结构，导致业务收入不及预期。 应收账款阴霾持续 金域医学的亏损并非突如其来。 早在2024年，公司就已出现上市后的首次年度亏损，净利润区间为-3.5亿元至-4.5亿元，当时应收账款 问题已初露端倪。2025年半年报预告进一步显示，公司拟计提信用减值损失约2.6亿至2.9亿元，这一数 字远超同期预计亏损额，意味着若剔除这部分损失，企业本可实现正向利润。 从财务数据看，金域医学当前应收账款高达43.96亿元。在IVD行业，应收账款周转天数超过270天已成 常态，这相当于企业全年销售额的70%以上被占用。 对于金域医学而言，巨额资金的长期沉淀直接影响了现金流健康，不仅限制了研发投入与业务扩张，更 在行业调整期放大了经营风险。公 ...

Core Viewpoint - The report discusses the financial performance and audit responses of Renfu Pharmaceutical Group for the year 2024, highlighting significant increases in accounts receivable and provisions for bad debts, alongside the need for further disclosures regarding these financial metrics [1][3][4]. Financial Performance - The accounts receivable balance reached 919.82 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 13.37%, outpacing revenue growth [4]. - The provision for bad debts increased by 72% compared to the previous year, amounting to 125 million yuan [1][5]. Accounts Receivable Analysis - The increase in accounts receivable is attributed to slower payment collections from major clients, particularly from Yichang Renfu Pharmaceutical Co., which saw a rise of 931.32 million yuan in accounts receivable [4]. - The top three clients contributed significantly to the increase, with a total rise of 804.91 million yuan, all of which has been collected post-period [4]. Bad Debt Provisioning - The company adopted a policy of individually assessing accounts with significant credit risk, leading to a specific provision of 100.21 million yuan for a non-related party, reflecting a 97.83% provision rate on the outstanding balance [5][6]. - The overall increase in bad debt provisions is justified by the company's credit policy and accounting principles, indicating a proactive approach to managing credit risk [5][6]. Fixed Asset Impairment - The company conducted impairment tests on its fixed assets, particularly on the properties in Renfu International Health City, resulting in a total impairment loss of 89.20 million yuan [6][18]. - The impairment testing methods included fair value assessments and future cash flow projections, confirming that the recorded values exceeded recoverable amounts [18][22]. Market Conditions - The pharmaceutical industry is currently undergoing adjustments due to macroeconomic changes, rising operational costs, and policy shifts, which have impacted revenue growth and accounts receivable dynamics [3][4]. - The real estate market, particularly in Wuhan, has shown signs of decline, affecting the valuation of commercial properties owned by the company [19][20]. Audit Opinions - The audit firm confirmed that the disclosures regarding accounts receivable and bad debt provisions align with the information gathered during the audit process, and the company's credit policies remain unchanged [6][22].

Core Viewpoint - The company received a regulatory letter from the Shanghai Stock Exchange regarding its 2024 annual report, prompting a thorough review of the issues raised and subsequent disclosures [1]. Financial Performance - The company achieved operating revenue of 25.435 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 3.71% [2]. - The year-end balance of accounts receivable was 9.198 billion yuan, up 13.36% year-on-year, indicating that the growth rate of accounts receivable outpaced revenue growth [2][6]. - The provision for bad debts on accounts receivable was 125 million yuan, representing a 72% increase compared to the previous year [2]. Accounts Receivable Analysis - The company was requested to disclose detailed information about the top ten accounts receivable, including names, balances, bad debt provisions, transaction backgrounds, and whether the counterparties are related parties [2]. - The increase in accounts receivable was primarily attributed to slower payments from major customers of a subsidiary, with the top three accounts receivable increasing by 804.91 million yuan [6]. Bad Debt Provisioning - The significant increase in bad debt provisions was explained by the company's credit policy, which involves assessing the repayment ability of customers and applying specific provisions for high-risk accounts [8][19]. - A specific non-related party, Hubei Wenchun Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., had a year-end accounts receivable balance of 81.036 million yuan, with a provision of 79.2815 million yuan, accounting for 97.83% of the balance [8]. Fixed Asset Impairment - The company reported fixed asset impairment losses of 89.1961 million yuan, mainly related to the impairment of property assets in the "Renfu International Health City" [9]. - The impairment testing methods included fair value less costs to sell and present value of expected future cash flows, with significant losses attributed to market demand weakness and changes in real estate policies [10][19]. Long-term Equity Investment - The company recorded long-term equity investment impairment losses of 62.6343 million yuan, primarily involving four investee companies, with varying financial performances [24]. - The rationale for the impairment was based on the financial conditions and operational performance of these companies over the past three years [24].

Core Insights - The health checkup industry in China is experiencing a recovery driven by the aging population and increasing demand for chronic disease management, with a projected market size exceeding 520 billion yuan by 2030 [1] - The company is leveraging a "transfer and control" model to efficiently integrate regional resources, enhancing its competitive advantage amid rising industry concentration [1] - The company is focusing on the aging market by strategically developing essential projects such as brain health, cardiovascular early screening, and tumor marker testing, creating a comprehensive service system from prevention to health management and medical referral [1] Industry Growth - The industry has seen a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 15.06% from 2012 to 2022, indicating robust growth potential [1] - The company aims to complete 25.12 million health check services in 2024, with an 8.25% year-on-year increase in average revenue per service to 672 yuan [1] Business Strategy - The company is implementing a multi-channel marketing strategy to optimize customer structure, focusing on both online and offline channels [2] - The individual checkup revenue share is expected to rise from 17% in 2021 to 24.1% in 2024, reflecting a shift towards personalized services [2] - The company is building a large structured health database with over 1 billion imaging data points and 200 million structured health data points, creating a "data-algorithm-product" closed loop [2] Technological Advancement - The company has upgraded its strategy to focus on AI, developing systems for intelligent appointment scheduling, AI-assisted diagnosis, and post-checkup health interventions [3] - AI products for early disease screening have significantly improved accuracy in brain health assessments and lung nodule identification [3] - The company is transitioning from a health check service provider to a health management solution platform, with AI-related revenue projected to exceed 215 million yuan in 2024 [3] Financial Projections - The company is expected to benefit from the "Healthy China" strategy and the silver economy, with projected revenues of 12.14 billion yuan in 2025, 14.02 billion yuan in 2026, and 16.32 billion yuan in 2027, reflecting year-on-year growth rates of 13.46%, 15.46%, and 16.41% respectively [4] - Net profit attributable to the parent company is projected to reach 605 million yuan in 2025, 1.01 billion yuan in 2026, and 1.27 billion yuan in 2027, with significant growth rates of 114.47%, 66.80%, and 25.63% respectively [4]