重庆市妇幼保健院生殖医学中心 罗红 目前，随着以试管婴儿为代表的辅助生殖技术的发展与成熟，全球已有超过一千万个小生命通过这项技 术降临人间。面对这项有着生命启航"临时港湾"之称的新技术，我们应当注意些什么？又该如何科学认 识和选择呢？ 揭开"试管婴儿"的神秘面纱 我们常说的"试管婴儿"，其医学专业名称是体外受精-胚胎移植技术。它是辅助生殖技术中最主要和最 具代表性的一种。可以简单理解为精子和卵子暂时离开身体，在培养皿内结合，发育成早期胚胎后，就 被医生用一根细软的管子，送回母体子宫里，待其着床并继续生长发育，直到分娩。 哪些情况能够适用 在自然受孕过程中，女性输卵管是精卵结合的唯一场所，也是将早期胚胎运送至子宫的通道。当女性输 卵管出现卵巢排卵障碍等问题时，试管婴儿技术则可取出卵子，使其与精子在体外结合。 如果男方精子数量少、活力差，自然环境下难以抵达终点。试管技术就如同"精卵直达专列"，大大缩短 相遇距离。 如果出现不明原因的无法自然怀孕，也能通过试管婴儿技术探明是否存在受精困难。 如何正确选择合适的技术 一代试管婴儿，即把一批精子和卵子放一起，自由竞争、结合，主要解决女性不孕问题，尤其是输卵管 问题；二代 ...

中新网杭州12月28日电(张煜欢)如何引入最先进的试管婴儿技术帮助不孕家庭更好地实现生育梦想？这 是乌鲁木齐当地和周边百姓此前期盼了许久的问题。 2020年9月，伴随着一场为期多年、跨越山河的"组团式"精准医疗援疆行动，生命希望的种子也悄然开 花。浙江大学医学院附属妇产科医院(下称浙大妇院)生殖医学科援疆专家相继扎根新疆维吾尔自治区人 民医院，帮助有生育意愿的家庭在家门口圆梦，让相隔四千多公里的浙江与新疆谱写下一曲"生命之 约"。 院院士黄荷凤在乌鲁木齐实地调研。浙大妇院供图 中国科学 从零开始，试管婴儿呱呱坠地 像大漠胡杨一样扎根，像天山冰雪一样融入。来到新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院后，浙大妇院生殖内分泌 科的四位专家首先优化了既有流程，推动胚胎实验室的筹建，为试管婴儿技术奠定了最初的硬件与理念 基础。她们引入成熟的临床规范、管理流程与标准化文件，手把手培训本地医务人员，推动科室管理走 向规范化、标准化。 五年多时间，她们从基础做起，为当地医院系统性地构建出完整、先进且独立的辅助生殖技术体系，也 为不孕不育家庭点亮了生命希望。 回族姑娘小敏(化名)是其中一名亲历者。多年前，她因为严重输卵管积水而在手术中切除了双 ...

建立健全积极生育支持体系，帮助减轻生育成本是一个重要措施 当前，生育支持体系正持续完善。 11月14日，第五届中国人口与发展论坛在北京举行。国家卫生健康委主任雷海潮介绍，"十四五"以来， 我国不断完善生育政策体系和激励机制。在经济支持方面，将三岁以下婴幼儿的照护费用纳入个人税收 抵扣范围，扣除标准提高到2000元，免除公办幼儿园大班的保教费，扩大生育保险的覆盖面，推动实现 生育津贴直接发放到个人，建立实施育儿补贴制度，对符合法律法规规定生育的三周岁以下婴幼儿，每 年发放3600元的补助，这是惠民生投资于人的重要制度性安排。在服务支持方面，截至目前，全国共有 托育服务机构12.6万家，托位总数达到665.7万个。其中，普惠托位数明显增长，千人口的托位数已经达 到4.73，超额完成"十四五"规划中提出的千人口托位数4.5的目标。在时间支持方面，各省份普遍延长产 假至158天或以上，设立了15天左右的配偶陪产假，5到20天不等的育儿假，全社会支持生育的氛围日益 浓厚。 首都经济贸易大学劳动经济学院教授姜全保对第一财经分析，建立健全积极生育支持体系包括多个方 面，其中，帮助减轻生育成本是一个重要措施。提高生育医疗保障 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the challenges and opportunities in reproductive health, emphasizing the importance of early childbearing and the declining quality of male sperm, while also highlighting the advancements in assisted reproductive technologies [4][5][6]. Group 1: Reproductive Health Challenges - The incidence of infertility in China has increased from 12% in 2007 to 18% in 2020, with male and female factors contributing equally to infertility [9]. - Women over 35 face significant declines in fertility due to reduced egg quantity and quality, while men also experience declining sperm quality with age [8][9]. - The societal trend of late marriage and childbearing is influenced by various factors, including career pressures and educational costs, leading to a rise in high-age pregnancies [9][10]. Group 2: Sperm Quality Decline - Data from the Central South University shows a significant decline in sperm quality, with the acceptance rate for donated sperm dropping from 45.9% in 2006 to around 20% currently [11][12]. - The World Health Organization has revised the normal reference values for sperm parameters, indicating a downward trend in male fertility [11][12]. - Factors such as lifestyle choices, including sleep patterns and stress, significantly impact sperm quality, with younger individuals showing better sperm parameters compared to older students [13][16]. Group 3: Assisted Reproductive Technologies - The Central South University reproductive center has frozen approximately 820,000 embryos, with many serving as a form of "fertility insurance" for couples [28]. - The center emphasizes the importance of sperm donation and the strict regulations surrounding it, including the anonymity of donors and the limitation on the number of births per donor [20][22]. - Advances in reproductive technology are shifting the focus from sperm donation to self-sperm storage and fertility preservation, reflecting a growing trend in the market [23][28].

Group 1 - The core viewpoint emphasizes the importance of improving reproductive support policies to promote high-quality population development, with assisted reproductive technology (ART) playing a crucial role [1] - Recent policies have included suitable assisted reproductive technologies in medical insurance reimbursement, providing financial relief for patients with reproductive obstacles [2][3] - The integration of ART into medical insurance not only alleviates economic burdens but also reduces psychological stress for patients, encouraging more families to seek treatment [2] Group 2 - The development of ART has undergone three iterations since the first test-tube baby was born in China in 1988, with each generation addressing different reproductive issues [4] - The first generation focuses on in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer, the second on intracytoplasmic sperm injection for male infertility, and the third on genetic screening to reduce risks of miscarriage and birth defects [4][5] - Patients are advised to choose the appropriate ART based on their specific conditions, such as opting for conventional IVF for tubal infertility or genetic screening for chromosomal abnormalities [4] Group 3 - Weight management is highlighted as a significant factor affecting the success of ART, with obesity potentially leading to reproductive endocrine dysfunction and complications during pregnancy [6][7] - Patients seeking ART are encouraged to achieve a stable weight through dietary and exercise adjustments before undergoing treatment to ensure safety during pregnancy [7] - The integration of artificial intelligence in reproductive medicine is being explored to enhance treatment outcomes, including the development of ovarian function prediction software and improved embryo selection processes [6][8]