Group 1 - The article discusses the historical significance of horses in human culture, emphasizing their loyalty, diligence, and spiritual qualities as companions throughout history [1] - The domestication of horses dates back approximately 5,500 years, with evidence found in Kazakhstan and China, indicating the spread of horse breeding techniques [1][2] - The early horses in China were smaller and shorter compared to later breeds, as evidenced by artifacts from the Zhou Dynasty [2][4] Group 2 - The introduction of the "Heavenly Horse" from the Western Regions during the Han Dynasty significantly improved the local horse breeds, enhancing the military capabilities of the Han army [4][5] - The "Heavenly Horse" was not only a military asset but also held spiritual significance, reflecting the cultural beliefs of the Han Dynasty [6][7] - Artistic representations of horses during the Han Dynasty showcased their importance in various aspects of life, including warfare, hunting, and daily activities [9][10][12] Group 3 - Horses served multiple functions in daily life, including transportation and as hunting mounts, reflecting their integral role in agricultural society [12][18] - The Han Dynasty's emphasis on horses was linked to political power and ceremonial significance, showcasing the grandeur of the empire [12][39] - The mythical representations of horses, such as the "Heavenly Horse," illustrate the blending of cultural beliefs and artistic expression in ancient China [22][36]