人体内的免疫系统就像一支庞大而精密的"护卫队"，每一个免疫细胞都是一名独特的"士兵"，它们 各司其职又紧密配合，守护着人体健康。然而，长期以来，科学家们观察这个复杂的微观世界都像是隔 着一层"毛玻璃"——虽然知道免疫细胞种类繁多，却难以看清每个细胞的具体特征和它们之间的调控关 系。 深圳华大生命科学研究院牵头建设的基因组多维解析技术全国重点实验室联合上海交通大学医学院附属 瑞金医院、山西医科大学等多家机构的研究团队，通过对中国自然人群队列中超过1000万个外周血免疫 细胞进行系统性多组学深度解析，绘制出高分辨率人群免疫多组学图谱（CIMA）。这也是全球首个千 万级免疫细胞图谱。相关研究成果前不久发表在《科学》上。 突破免疫学研究传统视角局限 传统免疫学研究大多停留在主要细胞类型层面，这就好比只能区分免疫细胞中哪些是"陆军"，哪些 是"海军"，但对内部更精细的兵种构成知之甚少。有了CIMA，就像为研究配备了一台高清"显微镜"， 突破了以往免疫学研究视角的局限。 中国工程院院士、上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院院长宁光介绍："CIMA通过千万级细胞分析，系 统解析了遗传、年龄、性别等因素对免疫系统的精细影响，为人群 ...

来源：科技日报 ◎ 科技日报记者 罗云鹏 中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院研究员李汉杰评价道："这种'全景式'资源在规模和分辨率上达到国际 领先水平。更重要的是，它在全球免疫组学图谱中，为东亚人群提供了系统而具有高分辨率的基础资 源，为疾病易感性、免疫衰老与群体差异研究奠定了关键基线。" CIMA免疫细胞亚型。图片由受访单位提供 如今，这层"玻璃"被擦亮了。深圳华大生命科学研究院牵头建设的基因组多维解析技术全国重点实验室 联合上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院、山西医科大学等多家机构的研究团队，完成了一项重大突破： 通过对中国自然人群队列中超过1000万个外周血免疫细胞进行系统性多组学深度解析，绘制出高分辨率 人群免疫多组学图谱（CIMA）。这也是全球首个千万级免疫细胞图谱。相关研究成果前不久发表在 《科学》上。 研究团队为每种细胞建立了详细的"身份证"，记录了它们的分布及基因表达特征，并且结合志愿者的生 理数据，探索出年龄和性别等因素与特定免疫细胞特征的关联性。 研究团队整合了154种分子和疾病性状的数据，在68种免疫细胞中发现了1196个显著的遗传关联。其 中，73.2%的关联仅存在于特定细胞类型中。这意味着，研 ...

Core Insights - A research team of Chinese scientists published the first high-resolution immune cell atlas with over 10 million peripheral blood immune cells, providing a comprehensive multi-omics analysis [1][2] Group 1: Research Significance - Establishing a high-precision immune cell atlas for the Chinese population is crucial for enhancing the understanding of disease health and advancing precision medicine in China [2] - The research team developed an efficient single-cell multi-omics platform, DNBelab C4, which significantly reduced the cost of single-cell sequencing, enabling large-scale studies [2] Group 2: Methodology and Findings - The study identified 73 immune cell subtypes, including rare cells that constitute less than 0.1% of blood, which play critical roles in specific immune responses [2] - A detailed "identity card" was created for each cell type, documenting their distribution and gene expression characteristics, while exploring associations with physiological factors like age and gender [3] Group 3: Genetic Insights - The research revealed a gene regulatory map showing how transcription factors precisely control over 10,000 target genes, with unique regulatory patterns for different immune cell types [3] - The study found 9,600 genetically regulated genes and over 50,000 chromatin open regions, with nearly one-third of regulatory effects being cell type-specific [4] Group 4: Disease Mechanisms - The analysis integrated data from 154 molecules and disease traits, identifying 1,196 significant genetic associations across 68 immune cell types, providing insights into mechanisms affecting conditions like asthma [5] - More than two-thirds of disease-related variants were found to be cell type-specific, indicating the necessity of studying the correct cell types to understand disease mechanisms [5] Group 5: Future Directions - The research team plans to expand the CIMA project to include patients with autoimmune diseases and chronic conditions, aiming to systematically analyze immune mechanisms in disease development and identify new therapeutic targets [5]